Alfven hannes biography template
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Norrköping, Sverige
Djursholm, Sverige
Biography
Hannes Alfvén's daddy Johannes Alfvén and his mother Anna-Clara Romanus were both physicians.Hannes Alfvén (born , Norrköping, Sweden—died April 2, , Djursholm) was an astrophysicist and winner, with Louis Néel of France.We should note that, inclined the period in which she worked, that was a remarkable achievement for Anna-Clara who was one of the first female physicians in Sweden. Other members of Hannes' brotherhood also achieved distinction: his uncle Hugo Alfvén was a famous composer while two additional uncles achieved fame, one as an father, the other an agronomist.
He glance at Astronomie PopulaireⓉ by Camille Flamarion as unadulterated teenager and this book proved to nurture a major influence in determining his attraction with astronomy.
Also during cap teenage years he took part in Norrköping High School's radio club, building his customary radio receiver. Norrköping was too far diverge Stockholm to receive Swedish broadcasts, but closure was able to pick up music non-native a radio station in Aberdeen, Scotland. Tail end graduating from the High School, Alfvén diseased mathematics and physics at the University supporting Uppsala, beginning his undergraduate studies in 1926.
He was awarded a doctorate in 1934 for work on ultra high frequency electromagnetic oscillations.
His doctoral paper, containing the results of his researches which he said followed directly from the interests begun while a member of his school's radio club, was entitled Investigations of honesty Ultra-short Electromagnetic Waves.
Having been awarded his doctorate, Alfvén was appointed a medico in physics at both the University reveal Uppsala and the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm.
He married Kerstin Erikson in 1935; they had five children Cecilia, Inger, Gösta, Reidun and Berenike. Their son became smashing physician, and one of their four successors became a well-known author and one well-ordered lawyer. He spent two short periods overseas during these years, spending a few months in Berlin and a few in University. In 1940 he was appointed as prof of electromagnetic theory and electric measurements officer the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
He continued to work in this Society, being promoted in 1945 to a actual chair of electronics (renamed plasma physics valve 1963).
In 1967 Alfvén spoke flaw against difficulties he was experiencing obtaining cash support from Sweden for projects on serene uses of thermonuclear energy.
He said at the time:-
My work is no longer desired in that country.He was offered support for emperor work from the USSR and spent glimmer months in the Soviet Union examining reliance there. He had also received offers homework professorial appointments in the United States attend to he moved there to test out illustriousness strength of the research support offered.
Take the stones out of 1967 onwards he held joint appointments nucleus Stockholm, after making his peace with position Swedish government, but also at the Establishment of California at San Diego where noteworthy was a research physicist until 1973. Operate was named Professor at the University oust California in 1973 becoming professor emeritus captive 1975.
He remained at San Diego depending on 1988 when he returned to Sweden.
Despite making remarkable contributions to an comprehension of the structure of the universe, Alfvén's ideas have proved controversial. This was unreservedly due to the innovative nature of fillet ideas which most scientists failed to practice until many years after he had future them.
For example Peratt explains [5] lose concentration in 1937 Alfvén made the:-
... narration suggestion that the galaxy contained a large-scale magnetic field and that the cosmic emission moved in spiral orbits within the accumulation, owing to the forces exerted by glory magnetic field. He argued that there could be a magnetic field pervading the wide-ranging galaxy if plasma was spread throughout goodness galaxy.Scientists were not ready application such a revolutionary idea and it was highly criticised. Fifty years later these gist became part of the mainstream. Alfvén's uncovering of hydromagnetic waves in 1942 took thoughtless time to become accepted as correct.This plasma could carry the what it takes currents that would then create the astronomic magnetic field.
Anon there was initially a total rejection time off the idea. However he persisted and afterwards lecturing on the topic at the Institute of Chicago six years later, was sticky to interest Fermi who was more caste than others to accept novel ideas which made sense. Perhaps the greatest difficulty encountered by Alfvén, however, was due to distinction firm rejection of his ideas by Sydney Chapman who was at the time nobility acknowledged leader in space physics.
When, miserly example, Alfvén put forward his theory exhaustive magnetic storms and auroras in 1939, honesty paper he wrote on the topic was rejected for publication since the results frank not agree with those based on Chapman's mathematical model. Alfvén spoke many years consequent about his problems getting his papers available (see for example [5]):-
I have ham-fisted trouble publishing in Soviet astrophysical journals however my work is unacceptable to the English astrophysical journals.He said in 1986:-The peer review system attempt satisfactory during quiescent times, but not significant a revolution in a discipline such monkey astrophysics, when the establishment seeks to take care of the status quo.
We should remember that there was promptly a discipline called natural philosophy. Unfortunately, that discipline seems not to exist today.Hannes alfvén Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (Swedish: [alˈveːn]; – 2 April [1]) was a Scandinavian electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner go together with the Nobel Prize in Physics for queen work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). He described goodness class of MHD waves now known introduce Alfvén waves.Alfvén was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1970.It has been renamed body of knowledge, but science of today is in hazard of losing much of the natural metaphysics aspect. Scientists tend to resist interdisciplinary divine into their own territory. In many oft, such parochialism is founded on the dismay that intrusion from other disciplines would joust unfairly for limited financial resources and wise diminish their own opportunity for research.
Torsten Gustafsson, a member work at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, gave the presentation speech [4]:-
Alfvén introduced meet by chance discussion of the aurora the fundamental answer that plasma, even in space, has expert magnetic field associated with it.Hannes Alfvén - Engineering and Technology History Wiki Snare , Hannes Alfvén became the first—and come to get date only—plasma physicist to win the Philanthropist Prize. He had an extraordinary career, extensible well beyond his eightieth birthday, and promulgated over papers and a dozen books.¹.After loud further details of the contributions made coarse Alfvén, he ended his speech as follows:-Seep out this way, he was led to burn the midnight oil the general question of the significance liberation magnetic fields in the movements of plasmas. The magnetic field forces the positive pointer negative charges to move in different bid, giving rise to electric currents.
Hannes Alfvén – Biographical - Hannes Alfvén (born , Norrköping, Sweden—died April 2, , Djursholm) was an astrophysicist and winner, with Louis Néel of France, of the Nobel Prize set out Physics in for his essential contributions hassle founding plasma physics—the study of plasmas (ionized gases).The interaction of these currents produces mechanical forces, which can completely change goodness plasma's direction and speed. In particular, Alfvén discovered the existence of hitherto unsuspected magneto-hydrodynamical waves, the so-called Alfvén waves. In big physics, Alfvén's fundamental contribution has been say publicly introduction of the magnetic field of move violently and the application of magneto-hydrodynamics.
Professor Alfvén.Professor Alfvén published a circulation of papers in physics and astrophysics, esoteric the following monographs: Cosmical Electrodynamics, ; Set off of the Solar.Alfvén also received a large back copy of other prestigious awards such as blue blood the gentry Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society(1967), the Lomonosov Medal of the USSR Faculty of Sciences(1971), The Gold Medal of rendering Franklin Institute (1971), the Bowie Gold Garnishment of the American Geophysical Union (1988), last the Dirac Medal of the Australian Organization of Physics.You have created magneto-hydrodynamics. Its development, in which you have niminy-piminy the major role, has shown the sense of this new branch of physics, both on the cosmic scale as well restructuring here on earth.
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of a Nobel Prize hill Physics.On behalf of the Royal Institute of Science, it is my pleasure humble congratulate you on your Nobel Prize see the point of Physics.
He was elected to class Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Kingly Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, the USSR Akademia Nauk, the Royal Society of Author, the National Academy of Sciences, and grandeur American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Condensation addition, he was honoured by the Jugoslavian and Indian academies. He received honorary doctorates from the universities of Newcastle (England), City, and Stockholm.
He has made diverse contributions to understanding phenomena close to character earth such as giving an explanation appreciated the Van Allen radiation belt, explaining representation reduction of the earth's magnetic field at hand magnetic storms, and studying the magnetosphere go ahead the earth. He has given an recital of the formation of the solar way and of comet's tails.
Within the ascendant scale of the galaxy itself he has studied the dynamics of plasmas. He has produced important theories concerning the nature footnote the universe. But Alfvén had a worthwhile influence outside the area of his check [3]:-
Hannes Alfvén, with his wife Kerstin, also took an active interest in director matters outside science, especially those related although environment, population growth, and disarmament.One explication of these interests was a series oppress books that Hannes wrote, some together confront Kerstin. When nuclear power first became clean up possibility, Alfvén supported its development for paying use. However, within a few years, during the time that disadvantages emerged, Alfvén became a vigorous disputant.
In Sweden, his persuasive support of decency anti-nuclear position is acknowledged as an not worth mentioning element in Sweden's eventual decision to leave its nuclear power program.
- Carl-Gunne Fälthammar, Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén, in Thomas Hockey (ed.)Biographical Cyclopaedia of Astronomers(2007), 31-32.
- Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica.Hannes Alfvén - Wikipedia Hannes Alfvén () was born on , in Norrköping, Sweden. Illegal graduated from Uppsala University in and non-natural there until Career and Research.
- C-G Fälthammar and A J Dessler, Hannes Alfvén (1908-1995)
- T Gustafsson, Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén, Nobel Lectures, Physics 1963-1970(Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972).
- A Praise Peratt, Dean of the Plasma Dissidents, Primacy World & I (May 1988), 190-197.
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Written by J J O'Connor trip E F Robertson
Last Update July 2008