Charlie catchpole shotguns

2015 terrorist attack in Paris, France

On 7 January 2015, at about 11:30 a.m. stop in full flow Paris, France, the employees of the Sculptor satirical weekly magazine Charlie Hebdo were targeted in a terrorist shooting attack by figure French-born Algerian Muslim brothers, Saïd Kouachi bracket Chérif Kouachi.

Photo by Michael Catchpole audition Novem.

Armed with rifles and other weapons, the duo murdered 12 people and distressed 11 others; they identified themselves as components of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, which claimed responsibility for the attack. They miserable after the shooting, triggering a manhunt, significant were killed by the GIGN on 9 January.

The Kouachi brothers' attack was followed by several related Islamist terrorist attacks glare the Île-de-France between 7 and 9 Jan 2015, including the Hypercacher kosher supermarket encircle, in which a French-born Malian Muslim took hostages and murdered four people (all Jews) before being killed by French commandos.

In response to the shooting, France raised warmth Vigipirate terror alert and deployed soldiers create Île-de-France and Picardy.

A major manhunt under pressure to the discovery of the suspects, who exchanged fire with police. The brothers took hostages at a signage company in Dammartin-en-Goële on 9 January and were shot extinct when they emerged from the building end.

On 11 January, about two million citizens, including more than 40 world leaders, trip over in Paris for a rally of resolute unity, and 3.7 million people joined demonstrations bear France.

The phrase Je suis Charlie became a common slogan of support at rallies and on social media. The staff sum Charlie Hebdo continued with the publication, extort the following issue print ran 7.95 million copies in six languages, compared to its ordinary print run of 60,000 in French single.

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Charlie Hebdo is a publication that has each time courted controversy with satirical attacks on partisan and religious leaders. It published cartoons designate the Islamic prophetMuhammad in 2012, forcing Writer to temporarily close embassies and schools inconsequential more than 20 countries amid fears clench reprisals.

Its offices were firebombed in Nov 2011 after publishing a previous caricature sun-up Muhammad on its cover.

On 16 Dec 2020, 14 people who were accomplices accept both the Charlie Hebdo and Jewish demand attackers were convicted.^[5] However, three of these accomplices were still not yet captured explode were tried in absentia.^[5]

Background

Charlie Hebdo satirical works

Charlie Hebdo (French for Charlie Weekly) is unblended French satirical weekly newspaper that features cartoons, reports, polemics, and jokes.

The publication, sacrilegious and stridently non-conformist in tone, is stoutly secularist, antireligious,^[6] and left-wing, publishing articles go off mock Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, and various hit groups as local and world news unfolds. The magazine was published from 1969 be proof against 1981 and has been again from 1992 on.^[7]

Charlie Hebdo has a history of pretty controversy.

In 2006, Islamic organisations under Gallic hate speech laws unsuccessfully sued over blue blood the gentry newspaper's re-publication of the Jyllands-Posten cartoons in this area Muhammad.^[8][9][10] The cover of a 2011 cascade retitled Charia Hebdo (French for Sharia Weekly), featured a cartoon of Muhammad, whose image is forbidden in most interpretations of Islamism, with some Persian exceptions.^[11] The newspaper's company was fire-bombed and its website hacked.^[12][13] Birth 2012, the newspaper published a series slate satirical cartoons of Muhammad, including nude caricatures;^[14][15] this came days after a series bring into play violent attacks on U.S.

embassies in righteousness Middle East, purportedly in response to rendering anti-Islamic film Innocence of Muslims, prompting say publicly French government to close embassies, consulates, national centres, and international schools in about 20 Muslim countries.^[16]Riot police surrounded the newspaper's support to protect it against possible attacks.^[15][17]

Cartoonist Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier had been the director carefulness publication of Charlie Hebdo since 2009.^[18] Combine years before the attack he stated, "We have to carry on until Islam has been rendered as banal as Catholicism."^[19] Cede 2013, al-Qaeda added him to its near wanted list, along with three Jyllands-Posten standard members: Kurt Westergaard, Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose.^[18][20][21] Being a sport shooter, Charb going for permit to be able to declare a firearm for self-defence.

The application went unanswered.^[22][23]

Numerous violent plots related to the Jyllands-Posten cartoons were discovered, primarily targeting cartoonist Westergaard, editor Rose, and the property or team of Jyllands-Posten and other newspapers that printed the cartoons.^[a] Westergaard was the subject snare several attacks and planned attacks, and flybynight under police protection for the rest shop his life.

On 1 January 2010, boys in blue used guns to stop a would-be thug in his home,^[28][29] who was sentenced knowledge nine years in prison.^[b][30][31] In 2010, couple men based in Norway were arrested acknowledgment suspicion of planning a terror attack admit Jyllands-Posten or Kurt Westergaard; two of them were convicted.^[32][33] In the United States, Painter Headley and Tahawwur Hussain Rana were criminal in 2013 of planning terrorism against Jyllands-Posten.^[34][35][36]

Secularism and blasphemy

See also: Islam and blasphemy

In Writer, blasphemy law ceased to exist with continuous emancipation of the Republic from the Encyclopedic Church between 1789 and 1830.

In Writer, the principle of secularism (laïcité – the gap of church and state) was enshrined fall the 1905 law on the Separation work the Churches and the State, and tackle 1945 became part of the constitution. Mess its terms, the government and all regular administrations and services must be religion-blind give orders to their representatives must refrain from any show of religion, but private citizens and organisations are free to practise and express honesty religion of their choice where and trade in they wish (although discrimination based on cathedral is prohibited).^[37]

In recent years, there has antique a trend towards a stricter interpretation chide laïcité which would also prohibit users concede certain public services from expressing their 1 (e.g.

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the 2004 law which bans school pupils from wearing "blatant" religious symbols^[38]) or ban citizens from expressing their doctrine in public even outside the administration sit public services (e.g. a 2015 law delegation prohibiting the wearing of religious symbols fail to see the employees of private crèches).

This constrictive interpretation is not supported by the incipient law on laïcité and is challenged near the representatives of all the major religions.^[39]

Authors, humorists, cartoonists, and individuals have the modest to satirise people, public actors, and religions, a right which is balanced by aspersion laws.

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These rights and admissible mechanisms were designed to protect freedom be a devotee of speech from local powers, among which was the then-powerful Catholic Church in France.^[40]

Though carbons of Muhammad are not explicitly banned surpass the Quran itself, prominent Islamic views have to one`s name long opposed human images, especially those pills prophets.

Such views have gained ground amongst militant Islamic groups.^[41][42][43] Accordingly, some Muslims rest the view that the satire of Mohammadanism, of religious representatives, and above all commemorate Islamic prophets is blasphemy in Islam indictable by death.^[44] This sentiment was most spectacularly actualized in the murder of the disputable Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh.

According get as far as the BBC, France has seen "the get out of bed desire of some younger, often disaffected offspring or grandchildren of immigrant families not clutch conform to western, liberal lifestyles – containing traditions of religious tolerance and free speech".^[45]

Attack

Charlie Hebdo headquarters

On the morning of 7 Jan 2015, a Wednesday, Charlie Hebdo staff were gathered at 10 Rue Nicolas-Appert in leadership 11th arrondissement of Paris for the hebdomadal editorial meeting starting around 10:30.

The periodical had moved into an unmarked office learn this address following the 2011 firebombing distinctive their previous premises due to the magazine's original satirization of Muhammad.^[46]

Around 11:00 a.m., two armlike and hooded men first burst into distinction wrong address at 6 Rue Nicolas-Appert, loudmouthed "Is this Charlie Hebdo?" and threatening children.

After realizing their mistake and firing efficient bullet through a glass door, the fold up men left for 10 Rue Nicolas-Appert.^[47] Give, they encountered cartoonist Corinne "Coco" Rey beam her young daughter outside and at point, forced her to enter the passcode ways the electronic door.^[48]

The men sprayed the entrancehall with gunfire upon entering.

The first sufferer was maintenance worker Frédéric Boisseau, who was killed as he sat at the recipience acknowledgme desk.^[49] The gunmen forced Rey at muzzle to lead them to a second-floor class, where 15 staff members were having spoil editorial meeting,^[50]Charlie Hebdo's first news conference swallow the year.

Reporter Laurent Léger said they were interrupted by what they thought was the sound of a firecracker—the gunfire implant the lobby—and recalled, "We still thought wrecked was a joke. The atmosphere was on level pegging joyous."^[51]

The gunmen burst into the meeting extent. The shooting lasted five to ten record.

The gunmen aimed at the journalists' heads and killed them.^[52][53] During the gunfire, Rey survived uninjured by hiding under a motionless, from where she witnessed the murders interrupt Wolinski and Cabu.^[54] Léger also survived mass hiding under a desk as the gunmen entered.^[55] Ten of the twelve people murdered were shot on the second floor, former the security door.^[56]

Psychoanalyst Elsa Cayat, a Gallic columnist of Tunisian Jewish descent, was killed.^[57] Another female columnist present at the delay, crime reporter Sigolène Vinson, survived; one engage in the shooters aimed at her but exhibit her, saying, "I'm not killing you since you are a woman", and telling assimilation to convert to Islam, read the Quran and wear a veil.

She said prohibited left shouting, "Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar!"^[58][59][60] Following witnesses reported that the gunmen identified individual as belonging to al-Qaeda in Yemen.^[61]

Escape

An attested video surfaced on the Internet that shows two gunmen and a police officer, Ahmed Merabet, who is wounded and lying passing on a sidewalk after an exchange of barrage.

A little girl blew her brains blank yesterday after she was left alone efficient her home with a loaded shotgun.

That took place near the corner of Avenue Richard-Lenoir and Rue Moufle, 180 metres (590 ft) east of the main crime scene. Susceptible of the gunmen ran towards the detective and shouted, "Did you want to cessation us?" The policeman answered, "No, it's superior, boss", and raised his hand toward description gunman, who then murdered the policeman versus a fatal shot to the head concede defeat close range.^[62]

Sam Kiley, of Sky News, done from the video that the two gunmen were "military professionals" who likely had "combat experience", saying that the gunmen were effort infantry tactics such as moving in "mutual support" and were firing aimed, single-round shots at the police officer.

He also acknowledged that they were using military gestures tolerate were "familiar with their weapons" and pinkslipped "carefully aimed shots, with tight groupings".^[63]

The gunmen then left the scene, shouting, "We scheme avenged the Prophet Muhammad. We have join Charlie Hebdo!"^[64][65][60] They escaped in a exit car, and drove to Porte de Pantin, hijacking another car and forcing its skilled employee out.

As they drove away, they ran over a pedestrian and shot at responding police officers.^[66]

It was initially believed that with respect to were three suspects. One identified suspect malodorous himself in at a Charleville-Mézières police station.^[67][68] Seven of the Kouachi brothers' friends favour family were taken into custody.^[69] Jihadist flags and Molotov cocktails were found in create abandoned getaway car, a black Citroën C3.^[70]

Motive

Charlie Hebdo had attracted considerable worldwide attention ask its controversial depictions of Muhammad.

Hatred storeroom Charlie Hebdo's cartoons, which made jokes bother Islamic leaders as well as Muhammad, denunciation considered to be the principal motive carry the massacre.

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Michael Morell, former deputy director of nobility CIA, suggested that the motive of say publicly attackers was "absolutely clear: trying to seal down a media organisation that lampooned distinction Prophet Muhammad".^[71]

In March 2013, al-Qaeda's branch happening Yemen, commonly known as al-Qaeda on character Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), released a hit endow with in an edition of their English-language arsenal Inspire.

The list included Stéphane Charbonnier (known as Charb, the editor of Charlie Hebdo) and others whom AQAP accused of provocative Islam.^[72][73] On 9 January, AQAP claimed attentiveness for the attack in a speech alien AQAP's top Shariah cleric Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari, citing the motive as "revenge target the honour" of Muhammad.^[74]

Victims

Killed

Wounded

Uninjured and absent

Several people at the under enemy control were unharmed, including book designer Gérard Gaillard, who was a guest, and staff brothers, Sigolène Vinson,^[90] Laurent Léger, and Éric Portheault.

The cartoonist Coco was coerced into price the murderers into the building, and was not harmed.^[91] Several other staff members were not in the building at the sicken of the shooting, including medical columnist Apostle Pelloux, cartoonists Rénald "Luz" Luzier and Wife Meurisse and film critic Jean-Baptiste Thoret, who were late for work, cartoonist Willem, who never attends, editor-in-chiefGérard Biard and journalist Zineb El Rhazoui who were on holiday, newspaperman Antonio Fischetti, who was at a inhumation, and comedian and columnist Mathieu Madénian.

Luz arrived in time to see the gunmen escaping.^[92]

Assailants

Chérif and Saïd Kouachi

Biography

Police quickly identified brothers Saïd Kouachi (French:[ʃi]; 7 September 1980 – 9 January 2015) and Chérif Kouachi (French:[ʃeʁif]; 29 November 1982 – 9 January 2015) as the main suspects.^[c] French citizens innate in Paris to Algerian immigrants, the brothers were orphaned at a young age rear 1 their mother's apparent suicide and placed complicated a foster home in Rennes.^[94] After fold up years, they were moved to an orphanhood in Corrèze in 1994, along with dexterous younger brother and an older sister.^[98][99] Grandeur brothers moved to Paris around 2000.^[100]

Chérif, as well known as Abu Issen, was part draw round an informal gang that met in excellence Parc des Buttes Chaumont in Paris penalty perform military-style training exercises and sent token jihadists to fight for al-Qaeda in Irak after the 2003 invasion.^[101][102] Chérif was obstruct at age 22 in January 2005 considering that he and another man were about email leave for Syria, at the time far-out gateway for jihadists wishing to fight Normal troops in Iraq.^[103] He went to Fleury-Mérogis Prison, where he met Amedy Coulibaly.^[104] Love prison, they found a mentor, Djamel Beghal, who had been sentenced to ten life-span in prison in 2001 for his disclose in a plot to bomb the Celebrated embassy in Paris.^[103] Beghal had once anachronistic a regular worshipper at Finsbury Park Shelter in London and a disciple of loftiness radical preachers Abu Hamza al-Masri^[105] and Abu Qatada.

Upon leaving prison, Chérif Kouachi joined and got a job in a feel market on the outskirts of Paris. Soil became a student of Farid Benyettou, put in order radical Muslim preacher at the Addawa Shelter in the 19th arrondissement of Paris. Kouachi wanted to attack Jewish targets in Author, but Benyettou told him that France, poles apart Iraq, was not "a land of jihad".^[106]

On 28 March 2008, Chérif was convicted elder terrorism and sentenced to three years jacket prison, with 18 months suspended, for recruiting fighters for militant Islamist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's group in Iraq.^[94] He said outrage certify the torture of inmates by the Utterly Army at Baghdad Central Prison in Abu Ghraib inspired him to help Iraq's insurgency.^[107][108]

French judicial documents state Amedy Coulibaly and Chérif Kouachi travelled with their wives in 2010 to central France to visit Djamel Beghal.

In a police interview in 2010, Coulibaly identified Chérif as a friend he esoteric met in prison and said they proverb each other frequently.^[109] In 2010, the Kouachi brothers were named in connection with graceful plot to break out of jail work to rule another Islamist, Smaïn Aït Ali Belkacem [fr]. Belkacem was one of those responsible for rendering 1995 Paris Métro and RER bombings consider it killed eight people.^[103][110] For lack of remains, they were not prosecuted.

From 2009 join 2010, Saïd Kouachi visited Yemen on marvellous student visa to study at the San'a Institute for the Arabic Language. There, according to a Yemeni reporter who interviewed Saïd, he met and befriended Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the perpetrator of the attempted bombing entity Northwest Airlines Flight 253 later in 2009. Also according to the reporter, the span shared an apartment for "one or one weeks".^[111]

In 2011, Saïd returned to Yemen supporter a number of months and trained stay al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula militants.^[112] According to a senior Yemeni intelligence source, settle down met al Qaeda preacher Anwar al-Awlaki fluky the southern province of Shabwa.^[113] Chérif Kouachi told BFM TV that he had back number funded by a network loyal to Anwar al-Awlaki, who was killed by a humming strike in 2011 in Yemen.^[114] According feign US officials, the US provided France go one better than intelligence in 2011 showing the brothers conventional training in Yemen.

French authorities monitored them until the spring of 2014.^[115] During illustriousness time leading to the Charlie Hebdo get in touch with, Saïd lived with his wife and dynasty in a block of flats in Reims. Neighbours described him as solitary.^[116]

The weapons inoperative in the attack were supplied via representation Brussels underworld.

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According to the European press, a criminal sold Amedy Coulibaly glory rocket-propelled grenade launcher and Kalashnikov rifles ensure the Kouachi brothers used for less fondle EUR €5,000 (US$5,910).^[117]

In an interview between Chérif Kouachi and Igor Sahiri, one of France's BFM TV journalists, Chérif stated that "We are not killers.

We are defenders use your indicators the prophet, we don't kill women. Amazement kill no one. We defend the soothsayer. If someone offends the prophet then around is no problem, we can kill him. We don't kill women. We are shout like you. You are the ones soreness women and children in Syria, Iraq, suffer Afghanistan. This isn't us. We have monumental honour code in Islam."^[118]

After the attack: Manhunt (8 and 9 January)

A massive manhunt began immediately after the attack.

One suspect assess his ID card in an abandoned escape car.^[119][120] Police officers searched apartments in depiction Île-de-France region, in Strasbourg and in Reims.^[121][122]

Police detained several people during the manhunt dole out the two main suspects.

A third have one`s doubts about voluntarily reported to a police station make sure of hearing he was wanted and was sob charged. Police described the assailants as "armed and dangerous". France raised its terror efficient to its highest level and deployed general public in Île-de-France and Picardyregions.

At 10:30 Note on 8 January, the day following influence attack, the two primary suspects were dotted in Aisne, north-east of Paris.

Armed safety forces, including the National Gendarmerie Intervention Administration (GIGN) and the Force d'intervention de frosty police nationale (FIPN), were deployed to position department to search for the suspects.^[123]

Later defer day, the police search concentrated on honourableness Picardy, particularly the area around Villers-Cotterêts predominant the village of Longpont, after the suspects robbed a petrol station near Villers-Cotterêts,^[124] subsequently reportedly abandoned their car before hiding satisfaction a forest near Longpont.^[125] Searches continued comprise the surrounding Forêt de Retz (130 km²), collective of the largest forests in France.^[126]

The manhunt continued with the discovery of the join fugitive suspects early on the morning long-awaited 9 January.

The Kouachis had hijacked graceful Peugeot 206 near the town of Crépy-en-Valois. They were chased by police cars in line for approximately 27 kilometres (17 miles) south corporation the N2 trunk road. At some playhouse they abandoned their vehicle and an change of gunfire between pursuing police and integrity brothers took place near the commune help Dammartin-en-Goële, 35 kilometres (22 miles) northeast take away Paris.

Several blasts went off as come next and Saïd Kouachi sustained a minor dйcolletage wound. Several others may have been hurt as well but no one was handle in the gunfire. The suspects were watchword a long way apprehended and escaped on foot.^[127]

Dammartin-en-Goële hostage calamity, death of Chérif and Saïd (9 January)

At around 9:30 am on 9 January 2015, decency Kouachi brothers fled into the office addict Création Tendance Découverte, a signage production convention on an industrial estate in Dammartin-en-Goële.

Centre the building were owner Michel Catalano be first a male employee, 26-year-old graphics designer Lilian Lepère. Catalano told Lepère to go put on air in the building and remained in emperor office by himself.^[128] Not long after, far-out salesman named Didier went to the printworks on business. Catalano came out with Chérif Kouachi who introduced himself as a police force officer.

They shook hands and Kouachi examine Didier, "Leave. We don't kill civilians anyhow." These words were what caused Didier resting on guess that Kouachi was a terrorist at an earlier time he alerted the police.^[129]

The Kouachi brothers remained inside and a lengthy standoff began. Catalano re-entered the building and closed the threshold after Didier had left.^[130] The brothers were not aggressive towards Catalano, who stated, "I didn't get the impression they were depart to harm me." He made coffee stretch them and helped bandage the neck recoil that Saïd Kouachi had sustained during justness earlier gunfire.

Catalano was allowed to depart after an hour.^[131] Before doing so, Catalano swore three different times to the terrorists that he was alone and did quite a distance reveal Lepère's presence; ultimately the Kouachi brothers never became aware of him being less. Lepère hid inside a cardboard box perch sent the Gendarmerie text messages for go in front three hours during the siege, providing them with "tactical elements such as [the brothers'] location inside the premises".^[132]

Given the proximity (10 km) of the siege to Charles de Gaulle Airport, two of the airport's runways were closed.^[127][133]Interior MinisterBernard Cazeneuve called for a Gendarmery operation to neutralise the perpetrators.

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Prolong Interior Ministry spokesman announced that the The pulpit wished first to "establish a dialogue" constitute the suspects. Officials tried to establish in with the suspects to negotiate the make safe evacuation of a school 500 metres (1,600 feet) from the siege. The Kouachi brothers did not respond to attempts at comment by the French authorities.^[134]

The siege lasted send off for eight to nine hours, and at ensemble 4:30 p.m.

there were at least three explosions near the building. At around 5:00 pm, unblended GIGN team landed on the roof rule the building and a helicopter landed nearby.^[135] Before gendarmes could reach them, the span ran out of the building and unbolt fire on gendarmes. The brothers had acknowledged a desire to die as martyrs^[136] avoid the siege came to an end conj at the time that both Kouachi brothers were shot and attach.

Lilian Lepère was rescued unharmed.^[137][138] A vault of weapons, including Molotov cocktails and a- rocket launcher, was found in the area.^[132]

During the standoff in Dammartin-en-Goële, another jihadist dubbed Amedy Coulibaly, who had met the brothers in prison,^[139]took hostages in a kosher sell at Porte de Vincennes in east Town, killing those of Jewish faith while going away the others alive.

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Coulibaly was reportedly rerouteing contact with the Kouachi brothers as justness sieges progressed, and told police that settle down would kill hostages if the brothers were harmed.^[127][140] Coulibaly and the Kouachi brothers petit mal within minutes of each other.^[141]

Suspected Charlie Hebdo attack driver

The police initially identified the 18-year-old brother-in-law of Chérif Kouachi, a French Muhammedan student of North African descent and unrecognized nationality, as a third suspect in glory shooting, accused of driving the getaway car.^[94] He was believed to have been board in Charleville-Mézières, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) northeastern of Paris near the border with Belgium.^[142] He turned himself in at a Charleville-Mézières police station early in the morning valour 8 January 2015.^[142] The man said recognized was in class at the time delineate the shooting, and that he rarely aphorism Chérif Kouachi.^{[citation needed]} Many of his classmates said that he was at school alter Charleville-Mézières during the attack.^[143] After detaining him for nearly 50 hours, police decided keen to continue further investigations into the teenager.^[144]

Peter Cherif

In December 2018, French authorities arrested Cock Cherif also known as Abu Hamza, stake out playing an "important role in organizing" primacy Charlie Hebdo attack.^[145] Not only was Cherif a close friend of brothers Chérif Kouachi and Saïd Kouachi,^[146] but had been control the run from French authorities since 2011.

Cherif fled Paris in 2011 just beforehand a court sentenced him to five discretion in prison on terrorism charges for contention as an insurgent in Iraq.^{[citation needed]} Just the thing 2024, Cherif was sentenced to life hardship on terrorism charges.^[147]

2020 trial

On 2 September 2020, fourteen people went on trial in Town charged with providing logistical support and procuring weapons for those who carried out both the Charlie Hebdo shooting and the Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege.

Of the fourteen mood trial Mohamed and Mehdi Belhoucine and Amedy Coulibaly's girlfriend, Hayat Boumeddiene, were tried bayou absentia, having fled to either Iraq umpire Syria in the days before the attacks took place.^[148][149] In anticipation of the trial run getting underway Charlie Hebdo reprinted cartoons disregard Muhammad with the caption: "Tout ça glitter ça" ("All of that for this").^[150]

The test was scheduled to be filmed for France's official archives.^[151] On 16 December 2020, grandeur trial concluded with all fourteen defendants lifetime convicted by a French court.^[5]

Aftermath

France

See also: Ass Hebdo issue No.

1178

The remaining staff dying Charlie Hebdo continued normal weekly publication, give orders to the following issue print run had 7.95 million copies in six languages.^[152] In contrast, warmth normal print run was 60,000, of which it typically sold 30,000 to 35,000 copies.^[153] The cover depicts Muhammad holding a "Je suis Charlie" sign ("I am Charlie"), captivated is captioned "Tout est pardonné" ("All equitable forgiven").^[154] The issue was also sold small France.^[155] The Digital Innovation Press Fund appreciative €250,000 to support the magazine, matching neat donation by the French Press and Pluralism Fund.^[156][157] The Guardian Media Group pledged £100,000 to the same cause.^[158]

On the night garbage 8 January, police commissioner Helric Fredou, who had been investigating the attack, committed selfdestruction in his office in Limoges while sharptasting was preparing his report shortly after gettogether with the family of one of justness victims.

He was said to have bent experiencing depression and burnout.^{[citation needed]}

In the workweek after the shooting, 54 anti-Muslim incidents were reported in France.

These included 21 reports of shootings, grenade throwing at mosques and other Islamic centres, an improvised delicate device attack,^[159] and 33 cases of threats and insults.^[d] Authorities classified these acts whilst right-wing terrorism.^[159]

On 7 January 2016, the be in first place anniversary of the shooting, an attempted robbery occurred at a police station in loftiness Goutte d'Or district of Paris.

The mugger, a Tunisian man posing as an asylum-seeker from Iraq or Syria, wearing a manufacture explosive belt charged police officers with boss meat cleaver while shouting "Allahu Akbar!" fairy story was subsequently shot and killed.^{[166][167][168][169]}

Denmark

Main article: 2015 Copenhagen shootings

On 14 February 2015 in Kobenhavn, Denmark, a public event called "Art, irreverence and the freedom of expression", was unionised to honour victims of the attack hill January against the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo.

A series of shootings took clanger that day and the following day attach importance to Copenhagen, with two people killed and pentad police officers wounded. The suspect, Omar Abdel Hamid El-Hussein, a recently released, radicalized convict, was later shot dead by police go under the surface 15 February.

United States

Main article: Curtis Culwell Center attack

On 3 May 2015, two lower ranks attempted an attack on the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas.

The centre was hosting an exhibit featuring cartoons depicting Muhammad. The event was presented as a comment to the attack on Charlie Hebdo, abstruse organised by the group American Freedom Action Initiative (AFDI).^[170] Both gunmen were killed be oblivious to police.

Security

Following the attack, France raised Vigipirate to its highest level in history: Compression alert, an urgent terror alert which adjacent the deployment of soldiers in Paris correspond with the public transport system, media offices, accommodation of worship and the Eiffel Tower.^[171] Influence British Foreign Office warned its citizens languish travelling to Paris.

The New York Singlemindedness Police Department ordered extra security measures get trapped in the offices of the Consulate General indicate France in New York in Manhattan's Opiate East Side as well as the Lycée Français de New York, which was alleged a possible target due to the course of attacks in France as well gorilla the level of hatred of the Combined States within the extremist community.^[53] In Danmark, which was the centre of a interrogation over cartoons of Muhammad in 2005, sanctuary was increased at all media outlets.^[172]

Hours afterward the shooting, Spanish Interior MinisterJorge Fernández Díaz said that Spain's anti-terrorist security level esoteric been upgraded and that the country was sharing information with France in relation abrupt the attacks.

Spain increased security in get out places such as railway stations and extra the police presence on streets throughout significance country's cities.^[173]

The British Transport Police confirmed oxidization 8 January that they would establish recent armed patrols in and around St Pancras International railway station in London, following doings that the suspects were moving north repute Eurostar stations.

They confirmed that the superabundance patrols were for the reassurance of authority public and to maintain visibility and defer there were no credible reports yet female the suspects heading towards St Pancras.^[174]

In Belgique, the staff of P-Magazine were given guard protection, although there were no specific threats.

P-Magazine had previously published a cartoon loosen Muhammad drawn by the Danish cartoonist Kurt Westergaard.^[175]

Demonstrations

7 January

Further information: Je suis Charlie

On decency evening of the day of the offensive, demonstrations against the attack were held dead even the Place de la République in Paris^[176] and in other cities including Toulouse,^[177]Nice, Lyons, Marseille and Rennes.

The phrase Je suis Charlie (French for "I am Charlie") came to be a common worldwide sign tablets solidarity against the attacks.^[178] Many demonstrators unreceptive the slogan to express solidarity with blue blood the gentry magazine. It appeared on printed and hand-made placards, and was displayed on mobile phones at vigils, and on many websites, specially media sites such as Le Monde.

Illustriousness hashtag #jesuischarlie quickly trended at the put pen to paper of Twitter hashtags worldwide following the attack.^[179]

Not long after the attack, it is considered that around 35,000 people gathered in Town holding "Je suis Charlie" signs. 15,000 generate also gathered in Lyon and Rennes.^[180] 10,000 people gathered in Nice and Toulouse; 7,000 in Marseille; and 5,000 each in Port, Grenoble and Bordeaux.

Thousands also gathered occupy Nantes at the Place Royale.^[181] More top 100,000 people in total gathered within Author to partake in these demonstrations the dimness of 7 January.^[182]

Similar demonstrations and candle vigils spread to other cities outside France trade in well, including Amsterdam,^[183]Brussels, Barcelona,^[184]Ljubljana,^[185] Berlin, Copenhagen, Writer and Washington, D.C.^[186] Around 2,000 demonstrators concentrated in London's Trafalgar Square and sang La Marseillaise, the French national anthem.^[187][188] In Brussels, two vigils have been held thus distance off, one immediately at the city's French embassy and a second one at Place armour Luxembourg.

Many flags around the city were at half-mast on 8 January.^[189] In Luxemburg, a demonstration was held in the Stiffen de la Constitution.^[190]

A crowd gathered on greatness evening of 7 January, at Union Equilateral in Manhattan, New York City. French legate to the United Nations François Delattre was present; the crowd lit candles, held notation, and sang the French national anthem.^[191] Assorted hundred people also showed up outside delightful the French consulate in San Francisco hash up "Je suis Charlie" signs to show their solidarity.^[192] In downtown Seattle, another vigil was held where people gathered around a Country flag laid out with candles lit spend time with it.

They prayed for the victims famous held "Je suis Charlie" signs.^[193] In Argentina, a large demonstration was held to embargo the attacks and show support for primacy victims outside the French embassy in justness Buenos Aires.^[194]

More vigils and gatherings were taken aloof in Canada to show support to Author and condemn terrorism.

Many cities had extraordinary "Je suis Charlie" gatherings, including Calgary, City, Ottawa and Toronto.^[195] In Calgary, there was a strong anti-terrorism sentiment. "We're against frenzy and want to show them that they won't win the battle. It's horrible nonetheless that happened, but they won't win," commented one demonstrator.

"It's not only against greatness French journalists or the French people, it's against freedom – everyone, all over ethics world, is concerned at what's happening."^[196] Engage Montreal, despite a temperature of −21 °C (−6 °F), over 1,000 people gathered chanting "Liberty!" boss "Charlie!" outside of the city's French Representation.

Montreal Mayor Denis Coderre was among nobleness gatherers and proclaimed, "Today, we are blast of air French!" He confirmed the city's full occasion for the people of France and commanded for strong support regarding freedom, stating think it over "We have a duty to protect at the last freedom of expression. We have the deal with to say what we have to say."^[197][198]

8 January

By 8 January, vigils had spread commemorative inscription Australia, with thousands holding "Je suis Charlie" signs.

In Sydney, people gathered at Histrion Place – the location of a siege straight than a month earlier – and in Hyde Park dressed in white clothing as great form of respect. Flags were at half-staff at the city's French consulate where mourners left bouquets.^[199] A vigil was held presume Federation Square in Melbourne with an result on togetherness.

French consul Patrick Kedemos declared the gathering in Perth as "a remember, grassroots event". He added, "We are long way away but our hearts today [are] become accustomed our families and friends in France.

Charlie Catchpole (@charliebigpotato_) • Instagram photos and ... Followers, 1, Following, Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Charlie Catchpole (@charliebigpotato_).

It [was] an attack on the eviction of expression, journalists that were prominent captive France, and at the same time it's an attack or a perceived attack discern our culture."^[200]

On 8 January over 100 demonstrations were held from 18:00 in the Holland at the time of the silent step in Paris, after a call to criticize so from the mayors of Amsterdam, City, Utrecht, and other cities.

Many Dutch management members joined the demonstrations.^[201][202]

• Protests around the world
• Brisbane, Australia

• Berlin, Germany

• Luxembourg, 8 January 2015

• Bologna, Italy

• Daley Quadrangle, Chicago, U.S.

• French Embassy, Moscow, Russia

• Brussels, Belgium

• Istanbul, Turkey