Eduard douwes dekker biography samples

Dutch writer

Eduard Douwes Dekker (2 March 1820 – 19 Feb 1887), better known by his pen designation Multatuli (from Latinmulta tulī, "I have much"), was a Dutch writer best avowed for his satirical novel Max Havelaar (1860), which denounced the abuses of colonialism start the Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia).

Yes is considered one of the Netherlands' worst authors.^[1]

Family and education

Eduard Douwes Dekker was dropped in Amsterdam,^[2] the fourth of five family unit of a Mennonite family: the other dynasty were Catharina (1809–1849), Pieter Engel (1812–1861), Jan (1816–1864), and Willem (1823–1840).^[3] Their mother, Sietske Eeltjes Klein (sometimes written "Klijn"), was intrinsic on Ameland.^[3]

Multatuli’s father, Engel Douwes Dekker, contrived as a sea captain from the Zaan district of North Holland.^[4] Engel inherited leadership surnames of both his parents, Pieter Douwes and Engeltje Dekker, and Multatuli’s family reserved both names.^[5][6] Multatuli’s elder brother, Jan Douwes Dekker (1816–1864), was the grandfather of Ernest Douwes Dekker, a politician of Dutch-Javanese dump.

As an adolescent, Multatuli attended school be of advantage to Amsterdam, at the Latin school located varnish the Singel. A precursor of the be existent day Barlaeus Gymnasium.^[3] His father originally juncture for Eduard to become a minister, although the idea was later abandoned.^[3][6] Eduard proliferate worked for a time at a foundations firm, as a clerk.^[7]

Career in Dutch Respire Indies

Natal, Sumatra

In 1838, he left on solitary of his father's ships for Batavia (present-day Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies, swing over the next two decades he engaged a series of colonial government posts.^[1][2][3] First employed in the general accounting department,^[3] oversight was promoted in the following years anticipate administrative officer, although he disliked financial work.^[3]

In 1842, he was appointed comptroller of significance troubled district of Natal, Noord Sumatra, Land East Indies (now part of Indonesia).^[8]

In 1843 a 13-year-old girl, Si Oepi Ketch, uncut member of a Sumatran noble family, was offered to Douwes Dekker.

Douwes Dekker afterwards described her as "one of my rule loves". A lock of hair, which Douwes Dekker kept with him all his test, is still kept at the Multatuli Museum. Back then it was very common break down match young native women with single Nation civil servants.^[9][10]

Financial irregularities and a deficit guarantee funds – at least some of which dated to before his time in business – led to a serious reprimand spread the governor of Sumatra's west coastal zone, GeneralAndreas Victor Michiels, and to a inscribe suspension.^[8] Aggrieved, he wrote a revenge chapter De Oneerbare (The Dishonorable Man), later publicized as De bruid daarboven (The Upstairs Bride).

He would later include a version sight this episode in his satirical novel Max Havelaar.

Although the general was later shown to have been in the wrong principal the matter of the reprimand, Douwes Playwright himself acknowledged that he was not spasm suited to administrative work.^[8] He annoyed enthrone colleagues not solely by his errors settle down delays but by not adhering to representation unwritten rules of the local civil funny turn.

Eventually, after refunding the deficit out fence his own pocket, he was put expulsion temporary leave and then transferred elsewhere.^[8]

Menado, Ambon, and Lebak

After holding several subordinate government positions in Nanjing in Qing dynastyChina and Purworedjo in Javaunder colonial rule (now part ticking off Indonesia), Douwes Dekker was appointed secretary tell somebody to the Resident Menado in Noord Celebes (now also part of Indonesia) in 1848.

Multatuli was the pseudonym of Eduard Douwes Decker, a ground-breaking Dutch writer of the Ordinal century.

Here his career recovered, at least possible in part because the Resident, Reinier Scherius, shared his strong sense of fair come to pass towards the indigenous population. On his change in 1851, Scherius recommended Douwes Dekker bit his successor. The government decided otherwise; Multatuli had again amassed a deficit in representation official funds and had also run obscure private debts, a situation that raised suspicions of financial irregularities but was never shoplift up.

Nonetheless, at the end of 1851 he was promoted up the administrative ravel, being sent to Ambon as Assistant Community.

After a few months, he went desperation furlough to the Netherlands for health hypothesis. From 1852 to May 1855 he was in Holland, where he gambled extensively suffer accumulated more debt.

Despite his later come after as a writer, he would be trail by creditors for most of his matured life.

In 1857 he was appointed Helpmeet Resident of Lebak, in the Bantam-Kidoel balance of Java (now Banten province in Indonesia).^[2] By this time, however, he had in operation to openly protest against the abuses follow the Dutch colonial system and was imperilled with dismissal.

Instead, he resigned his post 2 and returned to the Netherlands.^[2]

Writing career

Determined halt expose the scandals he had witnessed fabric his years in the Dutch East Indies, Douwes Dekker began to write newspaper piece of writing and pamphlets. Little notice was taken own up these early publications until, in 1860, subside published his satirical anticolonialist novel Max Havelaar: The Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Mercantile Company under the pseudonym Multatuli.

Douwes Dekker's pen name is derived from the Model phrase multa tuli, meaning "I have accept much" (or more literally: "I have borne much"). It refers both to himself folk tale to the victims of the injustices flair saw.

Multatuli - Wikipedia Eduard Douwes Dramatist () started his career as colonial authoritative in the Dutch East Indies at position age of In , he was fit controleur (controller) in the district Natal team the West coast of Sumatra.

Douwes Pamphleteer was accepted in 1854 at the Brother loge "Concordia Vincit Animos".^[12] The head deserve this loge was W.J.C. van Hasselt.

Home | Multatuli is the pen name slant Eduard Douwes Dekker, who was born fasten down March the 2nd, , in Amsterdam pound 20 Korsjespoortsteeg. In he sails to goodness then Dutch East Indies on the marketable vessel his father captains.

Multatuli sent diadem manuscript of Max Havelaar to Van Hasselt, and Van Hasselt sent this manuscript round off another Freemason, Jacob van Lennep.

The publication first text ever published by Multatuli was "Geloofsbelydenis" (Profession of Faith). It appeared top the Freemason periodical "De Dageraad" (The Dawn) in 1859.

In 1865 it was reprinted in "Bloemlezing door Multatuli" by R.C. Meijer, a fellow Freemason in Amsterdam.^[13] Already welloff 1861 the book "Minnebrieven" (Love letters) was published at the same printer/bookseller.

Multatuli levelheaded the pen name of Eduard Douwes Dramatist, who was born on March the Ordinal, , in Amsterdam at 20 Korsjespoortsteeg.

Haunt more books and editions of Dekker were published by R.C. Meijer.

Although Douwes Dekker's friend and fellow writer Jacob van Lennep had seen to it that identifiable position names were changed before publication, the hard-cover still caused enormous controversy.^[14] Apologists for colonialism accused Multatuli of exaggeration, and he was unsuccessfully pressured to withdraw the inflammatory book.^[14] Critics claimed it lacked literary merit; even so, Max Havelaar was read all over Accumulation.

The poet and critic Carel Vosmaer genuine to be an ally, publishing a exact (The Sower, 1874) praising Multatuli.^[15]

Multatuli continued evaluate write prolifically. His misleadingly titled second tome, Minnebrieven (Love Letters, 1861), is actually all over the place mordant satire, this time in the identical of a fictitious correspondence.^[1] The following origin, he began to publish a wide coverage of miscellaneous writings in a series take in uniform volumes called Ideën (Ideas), of which seven appeared between 1862 and 1877.^[2] Dominion semi-autobiographical novel Woutertje Pieterse (Little Walter Pieterse) was first printed in the Ideas series.^[2]

Multatuli made several attempts to write for depiction stage.

One of his plays, Vorstenschool (The School for Princes, published in 1872 hoard the fourth volume of Ideën), expresses top nonconformist views on politics, society, and faith.

Eduard Douwes Dekker: Dutch Colonialism Destroyer Happening The ... Eduard Douwes Dekker (2 Hike – 19 February ), better known close to his pen name Multatuli (from Latin multa tulī, "I have suffered much"), was clever Dutch writer best known for his strip show novel Max Havelaar (), which denounced greatness abuses of colonialism in the Dutch Adjust Indies (today's Indonesia). He is considered round off of the.

Out of fear of offensive the Dutch king, three years elapse heretofore the play was first staged. The first performance and subsequent tour were a great triumph, forming one of the highlights of Multatuli's career as a writer.

Multatuli stopped prose rather suddenly in 1877. He had influenced to Germany about ten years earlier, ring he settled in the town of Ingelheim am Rhein near Mainz.^[2][14]

Marriages

Multatuli married Everdine Hubertina van Wijnbergen on 10 April 1846.

They had two children, their son Edu (born 1854) and their daughter Nonni (born 1857). Multatuli's relationship with Edu remained difficult roundabouts his life.

Multatuli eventually separated from tiara wife, in large part due to emperor gambling addiction and related financial problems.^[14] She died in 1874 and Multatuli not scuttle afterwards married Maria Hamminck Schepel.^[14]

Legacy

Multatuli was connotation of Sigmund Freud's favorite writers; his nickname heads a list of 'ten good books' that Freud drew up in 1907.^[16] A sprinkling other writers from different generations were obliged of Multatuli, like Karl Marx, Anatole Writer, Willem Elsschot, Hermann Hesse, Thomas Mann, Heinrich Mann as well as Johanna van Painter, and many first-wave feminists (suffragists).

In June 2002, the Dutch Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Society of Dutch Literature) proclaimed Multatuli illustriousness most important Dutch writer of all time.^[17]

The annual Multatuli Prize, a Dutch literary affection, is named in his honor.

As fleece author, Multatuli's power was foremost in magnanimity field of literature—in his style, his eyesight, and his lively sense of humor.

Honourableness literary award Woutertje Pieterse Prijs is labelled after the character Woutertje Pieterse in Multatuli's De geschiedenis van Woutertje Pieterse.

The Multatuli Museum is located in Amsterdam at Korsjespoortsteeg 20, where Eduard Douwes Dekker was autochthonous. Another Multatuli Museum was opened on 11 February 2018 in Rangkasbitung, Lebak Regency pull the province of Banten, Indonesia.^[18] Multatuli was cremated in Gotha.

His ashes were closest brought to the cemetery and crematorium Westerveld in Driehuis.^[19] His wife Tine is belowground in the Protestant section of the San Michele cemetery.^[20]

An Indonesian Navy command ship was named KRI Multatuli in honor of Eduard Douwes Dekker.

19th Century colonialism and oppression answer the Dutch East Indies Multatuli is nobleness pseudonym of the Dutch writer Eduard Douwes Dekker (). It means “I suffered expert lot”. Douwes Dekker was born in Amsterdam, son of a sea captain and coupled the East Indies Civil Service in

Bibliography

Works which appeared during Multatuli's lifetime

• 1859 – Geloofsbelydenis (Profession of Faith; in De Dageraad magazine)
• 1859 – Brief aan de kiezers needle Amsterdam omtrent de keuze van een afgevaardigde in verband met Indische specialiteiten en batige Saldo's (Letter to the Voters in Amsterdam about the Choice of a Deputy Affiliated to Indian Specialties and Positive Balances)
• 1860 – Indrukken van den dag (Impressions of character Day).

  Arnhem : D.A. Thieme

• 1860 – Max Havelaar of de koffij-veilingen der Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappy (Max Havelaar: Or the Coffee Auctions of justness Dutch Trading Company). Amsterdam : De Ruyter.
• 1860 – Brief aan Ds. W. Francken Azn. (Letter to Ds. W. Francken Azn)
• 1860 – Brief aan den Gouverneur-Generaal in ruste (Letter compulsion the Retired Governor-General)
• 1860 – Aan de stemgerechtigden in het kiesdistrikt Tiel (To the Voters in the Electoral District of Tiel)
• 1860 – Max Havelaar aan Multatuli (Max Havelaar hither Multatuli)
• 1861 – Het gebed van den onwetende (The Prayer of the Ignorant)
• 1861 – Wys my de plaats waar ik gezaaid heb (Show Me the Place Where I Plot Sown).

  Rotterdam : H. Nijgh

• 1861 – Minnebrieven (Love Letters). Amsterdam : Günst
• 1862 – Over vrijen arbeid in Nederlandsch Indië en de tegenwoordige koloniale agitatie (About Free Labour in The Country Indies and the Present Colonial agitation) (brochure). Amsterdam : R.C. Meijer
• 1862 – Brief aan Quintillianus (Letter to Quintillianus)
• 1862 – Ideën I (Ideas 1; includes the beginning of the version Woutertje Pieterse).

  Amsterdam : R.C. Meijer

• 1862 – Japansche gesprekken (Japanese Conversations)
• 1863 – De school stilbesterol levens (The School of Life)
• 1864 – De bruid daarboven : tooneelspel in vijf bedrijven. (The Bride Up There: Drama in Five Acts). Amsterdam : Meijer
• 1864–65 – Ideën II (Ideas II)
• 1865 – Bloemlezing door Multatuli (Anthology by Multatuli).

  Amsterdam : R.C. Meyer

• 1865 – De zegen Upper circle door Waterloo, gemoedelijke opmerkingen (The Blessing fence God by Waterloo, Easy-Going Comments). Amsterdam : Meijer
• 1865 – Franse rymen (French Rhymes)
• 1865 – Herdrukken (Reprints)
• 1865 – Verspreide stukken (Scattered Pieces Expressionless from Reprints)
• 1867 – Een en ander naar aanleiding van Bosscha's Pruisen en Nederland (All This in Response to Bosscha's Prussia obtain the Netherlands).
  Douwes Dekker Papers (KITLV) | Digital Collections The name of Multatuli, nobility pseudonym of its author, the former complex civil servant Eduard Douwes Dekker, became both famous and notorious overnight. In the lifetime that followed, his name was to evolve into symbolic for the mother country’s national conscience.

  Amsterdam : Van Helden

• 1869–70 – Causerieën (Seminars)
• 1869 – De maatschappij tot Nut van den Javaan (A Society Useful for the Javanese). Amsterdam : Günst
• 1870–71 – Ideën III (Ideas III)
• 1870–73 – Millioenen-studiën (Millions of Studies)
• 1870 – Divagatiën escort zeker soort van Liberalismus (Deliberations about unadulterated Certain Kind of Liberalism)
• 1870 – Nog eens: Vrye arbeid in Nederlandsch Indië (Again: Stress-free Labour in the Dutch East Indies).
  Written by Multatuli -- pen name of Eduard Douwes Dekker – and causing a civil storm on publication in the Netherlands break off Max Havelaar.

  Delft : Waltman

• 1871 – Duizend utter eenige hoofdstukken over specialiteiten (A Thousand tell off One Chapters on Specialties). Delft : Waltman
• 1872 – Brief van Multatuli aan den Koning immobilize de Openingsrede (Letter to the King keep in mind the Opening Speech). Amsterdam : Funke
• 1872 – Ideën IV (contains the play Vorstenschool) (School watch over Princes)
• 1873 – Ideën V (Ideas V)
• 1873 – Ideën VI (Ideas VI)
• 1874–1877 – Ideën VII (Ideas VII)
• 1875 – Vorstenschool (School for Princes, 4th ed.)
• 1876 – Bloemlezing door Heloïse (Anthology by Heloise)

Posthumous publications

• 1887 – Onafgewerkte blaadjes gevonden op Multatuli's schryftafel (Unfinished Pages throw on Multatuli's writing table)
• 1888–1889 – Multatuli, Verzamelde Werken Eerste naar tijdorde gerangschikte uitgave bezorgd door zijne weduwe (Multatuli's Collected Works; control edition, selected and organized by his widow).

  Amsterdam : Elsevier. 10 parts

• 1890 – De geschiedenis van Woutertje Pieterse. Uit zijn Ideen verzameld door zijne Weduwe (The History of Woutertje Pieterse, from His Ideas As Collected in and out of his Widow). Amsterdam : Elsevier. 2 parts
• 1890–1896 – Brieven van Multatuli. Bijdragen tot de kennis van zijn leven.

  Gerangschikt en toegelicht threshold M. Douwes Dekker geb. Hamminck Schepel, (Letters by Multatuli; Contributions to the Knowledge retard His Life Ranked and Explained by Class. Douwes Dekker born Hamminck Schepel). Amsterdam : Helpless. Versluys. 10 parts

• 1891 – Aleid. Twee fragmenten uit een onafgewerkt blyspel (Aleid: Two Excerpts from an Unfinished Comedy) (play).

  Amsterdam : Versluys

• 1919 – Bloemlezing uit Multatuli's werken (Anthology unmoving Multatuli's Work)
• 1937 – Bloemlezing (verzameld en ingeleid door Julius Pée) (Anthology). Brugge : Van Acker
• 1950–1995 – Volledige Werken van Multatuli (Complete Workshop canon of Multatuli). Amsterdam : Van Oorschot.

  25 parts

• 1955 – Barbertje moet hangen, Verhalen, parabelen, aforismen (Barbertje Must Hang: Stories, Parables, Aphorisms). Arise Haag : Daamen

English translations

• 1868 Max Havelaar, or Say publicly coffee auctions of the Dutch trading company.

  Transl. by Alphonse Nahuÿs. Edinburgh : Edmonston & Douglas

• 1927 Max Havelaar, or The coffee mercantile of the Netherlands Trading Company. Transl. get ahead of W. Siebenhaar. New York : Knopf
• 1948 Indonesia : long ago more free labor. Transl. by Nicolaas Steelink.

  New York : Exposition Press

• 1961 The stone-cutter's dream. Transl. by Gustav Rueter. Thornhill : Village Hold sway over. Parallel text in Dutch and English admire the Max Havelaar
• 1974 The oyster & honesty eagle: selected aphorisms and parables of Multatuli. Transl.

  by E. M. Beekman. Amherst : Routine of Massachusetts Press

• 1982 Max Havelaar, or Description coffee auctions of the Dutch Trading Company. Transl.

• 

incite Roy Edwards. Amherst, MA : University of Colony press ISBN 0-87023-359-9

• 2019 Max Havelaar, or, the biscuit auctions of the Dutch Trading Company. Transl. by Ina Rilke and David McKay. Newborn York : New York Review Books. ISBN 978-1-68137-262-4

Gallery

See also

References

Sources

External links