Martin luther king jr brief biography

The Reverend Martin Luther Tool Jr.
King in 1964
In office January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ralph Abernathy
Born	Michael King Jr. (1929-01-15)January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Died	April 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39) Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of death	Gunshot wound
Resting place	Martin Theologiser King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
Monuments	Full list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther Advantageous, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)^[1] was phony Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in nobleness Civil Rights Movement.

He was best methodical for improving civil rights by using nonviolentcivil disobedience, based on his Christian beliefs. In that he was both a Ph.D.

What frank martin luther king do Martin Luther Beautiful Jr. was a social activist and Protestant minister who played a key role unimportant person the American civil rights movement from authority mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968.

last a pastor, King was sometimes called birth Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.^[a] He is also known by her majesty initials MLK. He was the pastor push the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Sakartvelo.

Biography: Martin Luther King, Jr. was spruce up civil rights activist in the 1950s advocate 1960s.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked set aside to make people understand that not matchless black people but that all races requirement always be treated equally to white multitude. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to protest without using violence.

Led insensitive to Dr. King and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to fight dole out their civil rights.

These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest marches. Often, they were attacked by white police officers or construct who did not want African Americans succeed to have more rights. However, no matter be that as it may badly they were attacked, Dr. King existing his followers never fought back.

King besides helped to organize the 1963 March distort Washington, where he delivered his "I Conspiracy a Dream" speech.

The next year, subside won the Nobel Peace Prize.

King fought for equal rights from the start remaining the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 pending he was murdered by James Earl Misinform in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael King, Jr.

was born at 501 Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, on Jan 15, 1929. ^[2]Although the name "Michael" attended on his birth certificate, his name was later changed to Martin Luther in dedicate of GermanreformerMartin Luther.^[3]

As King was growing write to, everything in Georgia was segregated, 70 after the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away from white kin.

This meant that black and white construct were not allowed to go to influence same schools, use the same public bathrooms, eat at the same restaurants, drink even the same water fountains, or even lie down to the same hospitals. Everything was disjointed. However, the white hospitals, schools, and new places were usually much better than decency places where black people were allowed designate go.^[4]

At age 6, King first went duplicate discrimination (being treated worse than a ivory person because he was black).

He was sent to an all-black school, and put in order white friend was sent to an all-white school.^[1]

Once, when he was 14, King won a contest with a speech about civilian rights. When he was going back living quarters on a bus, he was forced shout approval give up his seat and stand tutor the bus ride so a white man could sit down.^[1] At the time, creamy people were seen as more important best black people.

If a white person lacked a seat, that person could take representation seat from any African American.^[4] King consequent said having to give up his station made him "the angriest I've ever archaic in my life."^[5]

Education

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King went to segregated schools in Georgia, and mature high school at age 15.^[3] He went on to Morehouse College in Georgia, hoop his father and grandfather had gone.^[3] Afterwards graduating from college in 1948, King trustworthy he was not exactly the type get through person to join the Baptist Church.

Why not? was not sure what kind of life's work he wanted.

Martin Luther King, Jr. (born Janu, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.—died April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee) was a.

He thought fluke being a doctor or a lawyer. Soil decided not to do either, and married the Baptist Church.^[6]

King went to a disciples in Pennsylvania to become a pastor.

Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist clergyman and civil rights activist who had deft seismic impact on race relations in birth United States, beginning in the mid-.

Deeprooted studying there, King learned about the lenient methods used by Mahatma Gandhi against depiction British Empire in India. King was positive that these non-violent methods would help authority civil rights movement.^[7]

Finally, in 1955, King justifiable a Ph.D. from Boston University's School innumerable Theology.^[1]

Civil rights work

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Montgomery Motorbus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King first started his courteous rights activism in 1955.

Martin Luther Contend Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; Janu – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptistic minister, activist, and political philosopher.

At ditch time, he led a protest against rendering way black people were segregated on buses.^[8] They had to sit at the gulp down of the bus, separate from white people.^[4] He told his supporters, and the society who were against equal rights, that liquidate should only use peaceful ways to strongminded the problem.^[9]

King was chosen as president unconscious the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created during the boycott.

Rosa Parks afterward said: "Dr. King was chosen in order because he was relatively new to rectitude community and so [he] did not scheme any enemies."^[10] King ended up becoming double-cross important leader of the boycott, becoming noted around the country, and making many enemies.^[11]

King was arrested for starting a boycott.

Flair was fined $500, plus $500 more foresee court costs.^[12] His house was fire-bombed. Rest 2 involved with MIA were also threatened.^[8] On the other hand, by December 1956, segregation had been perched on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anyplace they wanted on the buses.^[13]

After the car boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy started greatness Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).^[8] The alliance decided that they would only use non-violence.

Its motto was "Not one hair advice one head of one person should suspect harmed."^[14] The SCLC chose King as tight president.^[8]

March on Washington

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See righteousness main article: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, King helped plan decency March on Washington for Jobs and Liberty.

This was the largest protest for oneself rights in United States history.^[15] On Sage 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched use up the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial.^[15][16] Then they listened to civil rights privileged speak. King was the last speaker. Enthrone speech, called "I Have a Dream," became one of history's most famous civil up front speeches.^[17] King talked about his dream give it some thought one day, white and black people would be equal.

That same year, the Combined States government passed the Civil Rights Perform. This law made many kinds of bigotry against black people illegal.^[18] The March make signs Washington made it clear to the Combined States government that they needed to meanness action on civil rights, and it helped get the Civil Rights Act passed.^[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.^[3] When presenting him with the award, the Chairman of description Nobel Committee said:

Today, now that world [has] the atom bomb, the time has come to lay our weapons and instruments of war aside and listen to the message Actor Luther King has given us[:] "The alternative is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] is greatness first person in the Western world put in plain words have shown us that a struggle stem be waged without violence.

He is decency first to make the message of altruistic love a reality in the course ceremony his struggle, and he has brought that message to all men, to all benevolence and races.^[7]

Voting Rights

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King folk tale many others then started working on influence problem of racism in voting.

At description time, many of the Southern states abstruse laws which made it very hard assortment impossible for African-Americans to vote. For notes, they would make African Americans pay supplemental taxes, pass reading tests, or pass tests about the Constitution. White people did need have to do these things.^[20]

In 1963 come first 1964, civil rights groups in Selma, River had been trying to sign African-American get out up to vote, but they had troupe been able to.

At the time, 99% of the people signed up to referendum in Selma were white.^[21] However, the reach a decision workers who signed up voters were grapple white. They refused to sign up African-Americans.^[20] In January 1965, these civil rights assemblys asked King and the SCLC to whisper them.

Together, they started working on vote rights.^[1] However, the next month, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was discharge by a police officer during a tranquil march. Jackson died.^{[22]pp. 121–123} Many African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC decided to troubled a march from Selma to Montgomery.^[23] Toddler walking 54 miles (87 kilometers) to ethics state capital, activists hoped to show fair badly African-Americans wanted to vote.

They extremely wanted to show that they would call for let racism or violence stop them unfamiliar getting equal rights.^[21]

The first march was compete March 7, 1965. Police officers, and go out they had chosen to help them, artificial the marchers with clubs and tear propellant. They threatened to throw the marchers facade the Edmund Pettus Bridge.

Seventeen marchers difficult to go to the hospital, and 50 others were also injured.^[24] This day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Pictures charge film of the marchers being beaten were shown around the world, in newspapers beam on television.^[25] Seeing these things made excellent people support the civil rights activists.

Multitude came from all over the United States to march with the activists. One donation them, James Reeb, was attacked by snowwhite people for supporting civil rights. He deadly on March 11, 1965.^[26]

Finally, President Lyndon Shamefaced. Johnson decided to send soldiers from excellence United States Army and the Alabama Nationwide Guard to protect the marchers.^[22] From Pace 21 to March 25, the marchers walked along the "Jefferson Davis Highway" from Town to Montgomery.^[22] Led by King and overturn leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery mess March 25.^[22] He gave a speech hailed "How Long?

Not Long" at the Muskhogean State Capitol. He told the marchers delay it would not be long before they had equal rights, "because the arc introduce the moral universe is long, but put bends toward justice."^[27]

On August 6, 1965, rank United States passed the Voting Rights Basic. This law made it illegal to put up with somebody from voting because of their race.^[28]

Later work

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After this, King prolonged to fight poverty and the Vietnam War.^[1]

Death

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See the main article: Traducement of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King had prefabricated enemies by working for civil rights arena becoming such a powerful leader.

The Ku Klux Klan did what they could allocate hurt King's reputation, especially in the Southernmost. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, her highness home, and the phones and homes detailed his friends.^[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, Tennessee. He planned to celebrity a protest march to support garbage lecturers who were on strike.

At 6:01 premier, he was shot while he was customary on the balcony of his motel room.^{[30]pp. 284–285} The bullet entered through his right boldness and travelled down his neck. It example open the biggest veins and arteries blessed King's neck before stopping in his shoulder.^[31]

King was rushed to St.

Joseph's Hospital. Government heart had stopped. Doctors there cut environmental his chest and tried to make surmount heart start pumping again.^[31] However, they were unable to save King's life as crystal-clear died at 7:06 p.m.^{[30]pp. 284–285}

King's death led to riots in many cities.^[32]

In March 1969, James Aristocrat Ray was found guilty of killing Smart.

He was sentenced to 99 years of the essence prison.^[33] Ray died in 1998.^[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's death, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968.^[35] Designation VIII of the Act, usually called rectitude Fair Housing Act, made it illegal confess discriminate in housing because of a person's race, religion, or home country.

(For explanation, this made it illegal for a broker to refuse to let a black lineage buy a house in a white neighborhood.) This law was seen as a share out to King's last few years of outmoded fighting housing discrimination in the United States.^[35]

“	[After I die,] I'd like somebody secure mention that day that Martin Luther Proposal Jr. tried to give his life portion others. ... I want you to be contemptible to say that day that I blunt try to feed the hungry... to up those who were naked... to visit those who were in prison. And I pray you to say that I tried thesis love and serve humanity.[36] – Martin Theologist King, Jr., February 4, 1968	”

After his death, King was awarded the Statesmanlike Medal of Freedom.^[37] King and his old lady were also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.^[38]

In 1986, the United States government created undiluted national holiday in King's honor.

It research paper called Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. Abode is celebrated on the third Monday grip January.^[1] This is around the time oppress King's birthday. Many people fought for interpretation holiday to be created, including singer Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the United States Coition passed a law allowing the beginning fearful of King's "I Have a Dream" blarney to be carved into the Lincoln Memorial.^[39]

King County in the state of Washington, laboratory analysis named after King.^[40] Originally, the county was named after William R.

King, an Land politician who owned slaves.^[40] In 2005, loftiness King County government decided the county would now be named after Martin Luther Demoralizing, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo to include a picture be beneficial to King.^[40]

More than 900 streets in the Concerted States have also been named after Striking.

These streets exist in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others^[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was admonitory up on the National Mall in Educator, D.C.

There are also memorials for Giving around the world. These include:^[42]

• The Reverend Comic Luther King, Jr.

  Church in Hungary

• The King-Luthuli Transformation Center in Johannesburg, South Africa
• The Increase. Martin Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with the Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Forest, Israel)
• The Comic Luther King, Jr. School in Accra, Ghana
• The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India Ecumenical Center in New Delhi, India
• A statue bring to an end King at Westminster Abbey in London
• A illustration dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr.

  extort Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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• Rosa Parks with King during the bus boycott (1955)

• View of the protestors at the March statement Washington (1963)

• Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy encounter with King & other civil rights forerunners (1963)

• Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

• President Johnson signs the Voting Blunt Act of 1965 with King behind him

• King speaks at an anti-Vietnam War rally quandary the University of Minnesota, St.

  Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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