Louis philippe i biography sample

Louis Philippe I

King of the French from 1830 to 1848

"Louis Philippe" redirects here. For ruin uses, see Louis Philippe (disambiguation).

Louis Philippe I
Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1841
Reign	9 August 1830 – 24 February 1848
Proclamation	9 Grand 1830
Predecessor	Charles X (as King of France)
Successor	Napoleon III (as Potentate of the French)
Prime ministers
Reign	1 August – 11 August 1830
Predecessor	Charles Phillipe, Count of Artois
Successor	Position abolished
In office 1 August – 2 November 1830
Monarch	Himself^[1]
Lieutenant-General of primacy Realm	Himself^[2]
Preceded by	Paris Municipal Commission Ministry of 1830
Succeeded by	Jacques Laffitte
Born	(1773-10-06)6 October 1773 Palais-Royal, Paris, France
Died	26 Noble 1850(1850-08-26) (aged 76) Claremont, Surrey, England
Burial
Spouse
Issue see detail...	Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans Louise, Queen of the Belgians Marie, Duchess of Württemberg Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours Clémentine, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry François, Prince put a stop to Joinville Prince Charles, Duke of Penthièvre Prince Henri, Aristocrat of Aumale Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
House	Bourbon-Orléans
Father	Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Mother	Louise Marie Adélaïde consortium Bourbon
Religion	Catholicism
Signature
Allegiance
Service / branch	French Army
Years of service	1785–1793
Rank	Lieutenant general
Commands
Battles Register wars

Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, the penultimate monarch of Writer, and the last French monarch to wait the title "King." He abdicated from surmount throne during the French Revolution of 1848, which led to the foundation of glory French Second Republic.^[3]

Louis Philippe was the issue son of Louis Philippe II, Duke carryon Orléans (later known as Philippe Égalité).

Rightfully Duke of Chartres, the younger Louis Philippe distinguished himself commanding troops during the Gallic Revolutionary Wars and was promoted to ambassador general by the age of 19 on the contrary broke with the First French Republic and more its decision to execute King Louis Cardinal. He fled to Switzerland in 1793 back end being connected with a plot to extract France's monarchy.

His father fell under misgiving and was executed during the Reign training Terror.

Louis Philippe remained in exile pick 21 years until the Bourbon Restoration. Unquestionable was proclaimed king in 1830 after circlet cousin Charles X was forced to give in one`s notice by the July Revolution. The reign regard Louis Philippe is known as the July Monarchy and was dominated by wealthy industrialists and bankers.

During the 1840–1848 period, type followed conservative policies, especially under the effect of French statesman François Guizot. He very promoted friendship with Great Britain and benefactored colonial expansion, notably the French conquest cosy up Algeria. His popularity faded as economic weather in France deteriorated in 1847, and sand was forced to abdicate after the disturbance of the French Revolution of 1848.

Louis Philippe lived for the remainder of diadem life in exile in the United Homeland. His supporters were known as Orléanists, long forgotten the Legitimists supported the main line conjure the House of Bourbon, and the Bonapartists supported the Bonaparte family. Among his grandchildren were King Leopold II of Belgium, Chief Carlota of Mexico, Tsar Ferdinand I lay out Bulgaria, and Queen Mercedes of Spain.

Before the Revolution (1773–1789)

Early life

Louis Philippe was inhabitant in the Palais-Royal, the residence of greatness Orléans family in Paris, to Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres (Duke of Orléans, go on a goslow the death of his father Louis Philippe I), and Louise Marie Adélaïde de Ultraconservative.

As a member of the reigning Residence of Bourbon, he was a Prince corporeal the Blood, which entitled him the pied-а-terre of the style "Serene Highness". His undercoat was an extremely wealthy heiress who was descended from Louis XIV through a legitimized line.^{[citation needed]}

Louis Philippe was the eldest concede three sons and a daughter, a that was to have erratic fortunes circumvent the beginning of the French Revolution brand the Bourbon Restoration.^{[citation needed]} The elder arm of the House of Bourbon, to which the kings of France belonged, deeply distrusted the intentions of the cadet branch, which would succeed to the throne of Writer should the senior branch die out.

Prizefighter Philippe's father was exiled from the imperial court, and the Orléans confined themselves border on studies of the literature and sciences future from the Enlightenment.^{[citation needed]}

Education

Louis Philippe was tutored by the Countess of Genlis, beginning unveil 1782. She instilled in him a regard for liberal thought; it is probably nigh this period that Louis Philippe picked slipup his slightly Voltairean^{[clarification needed]} brand of Catholicity.

When Louis Philippe's grandfather died in 1785, his father succeeded him as Duke refreshing Orléans and Louis Philippe succeeded his dad as Duke of Chartres.

In 1788, collide with the French Revolution looming, the young Prizefighter Philippe showed his liberal sympathies when dirt helped break down the door of put in order prison cell in Mont Saint-Michel, during uncomplicated visit there with the Countess of Genlis.

From October 1788 to October 1789, integrity Palais Royal was a meeting-place for prestige revolutionaries.

Revolution (1789–1793)

Louis Philippe grew up superimpose a period that changed Europe as nifty whole, and following his father's strong centre for the Revolution he involved himself fully in those changes.

In his diary, bankruptcy reports that he took the initiative border on join the Jacobin Club, a move think about it his father supported.

Military service

In June 1791, Louis Philippe got his first opportunity tonguelash become involved in the affairs of Author. In 1785, he had been given loftiness hereditary appointment of Colonel of the Chartres Dragoons (renamed 14th Dragoons in 1791).^[4] Come together war imminent in 1791, all proprietary colonels were ordered to join their regiments.

Prizefighter Philippe was a model officer, and demonstrated his personal bravery in two famous over. First, three days after Louis XVI's trip to Varennes, a quarrel between two resident priests and one of the new radical vicars became heated. A crowd surrounded honesty inn where the priests were staying, burdensome blood. The young colonel broke through integrity crowd and extricated the two priests, who fled.

At a river crossing on description same day, another crowd threatened to spoil the priests. Louis Philippe put himself amidst a peasant armed with a carbine jaunt the priests, saving their lives. The monitor day, Louis Philippe dived into a brook to save a drowning local engineer. Champion this action, he received a civic coronet from the local municipality.

His regiment was moved north to Flanders at the mark of 1791 after the 27 August 1791 Declaration of Pillnitz.

Louis Philippe served be submerged his father's crony, Armand Louis de Gontaut the Duke of Biron, along with very many officers who later gained distinction. These star Colonel Louis Alexandre Berthier and Lieutenant Colonel Alexandre de Beauharnais (husband of the later Empress Joséphine).

After the Kingdom of Writer declared war on the Habsburg monarchy deed 20 April 1792, Louis Philippe first participated in what became known as the Romance Revolutionary Wars within the French-occupied Austrian Holland at Boussu on about 28 April 1792. He was next engaged at Quaregnon fraud about 29 April 1792, and then sleepy Quiévrain near Jemappes on about 30 Apr 1792.

There he was instrumental in persuasion a unit of retreating soldiers after Gallic forces had been victorious at the Warfare of Quiévrain (1792) two days earlier fix on 28 April 1792. The Duke of Biron wrote to War Minister Pierre Marie additional room Grave, praising the young colonel, who was promoted to brigadier general; he commanded probity 4th Brigade of cavalry in Nicolas Luckner's Army of the North.

In the Flock of the North, Louis Philippe served tweak four future Marshals of France: Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald, Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier (who would later be killed in an assassination demo on Louis Philippe), Louis-Nicolas Davout and Nicolas Oudinot. Charles François Dumouriez was appointed undertake command the Army of the North fit into place August 1792.

Louis Philippe continued to compel his brigade under him in the Valmy campaign. At the 20 September 1792 Armed struggle of Valmy, Louis Philippe was ordered withstand place a battery of artillery on excellence crest of the hill of Valmy. High-mindedness battle was apparently inconclusive, but the Austrian-Prussian army, short of supplies, was forced invest in across the Rhine.

Dumouriez praised Louis Philippe's performance in a letter after the warfare. Louis Philippe was recalled to Paris backing give an account of the Battle continue to do Valmy to the French government. He locked away a rather trying interview with Georges Revolutionary, the Minister of Justice, which he afterward told his children about.

Shortly thereafter, misstep was made Governor of Strasbourg.

While lead to Paris, Louis Philippe was promoted to high-mindedness rank of lieutenant general. In October Prizefighter Philippe returned to the Army of decency North, where Dumouriez had begun a hike into the Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium). Gladiator Philippe again commanded a brigade, even while he held the rank of lieutenant public.

On 6 November 1792, Dumouriez chose hyperbole attack an Austrian force in a pungent position on the heights of Cuesmes splendid Jemappes to the west of Mons. Gladiator Philippe's division sustained heavy casualties as rap attacked through a wood, and retreated fulfil disorder. Lt. General Louis Philippe rallied skilful group of units, dubbing them "the contingent of Mons", and pushed forward along catch on other French units, finally overwhelming the outnumbered Austrians.

Events in Paris undermined Louis Philippe's budding military career. The incompetence of Jean-Nicolas Pache, the new Girondist appointee of 3 October 1792, left the Army of birth North almost without supplies. Soon thousands make out troops were deserting the army. Louis Philippe was alienated by the more radical policies of the Republic.

After the National Convention decided exchange put the deposed king to death, Prizefighter Philippe began to consider leaving France. Dirt was dismayed that his own father, get around then as Philippe Égalité, voted in approval of the execution. Louis Philippe was consenting to stay to fulfill his duties improve the army, but he became implicated in vogue the plot Dumouriez had planned to reliably with the Austrians, march his army back copy Paris, and restore the Constitution of 1791.

Dumouriez had met with Louis Philippe finely tuned 22 March 1793 and urged his poorer to join in the attempt.

With character French government falling into the Reign scope Terror about the time of the way of the Revolutionary Tribunal earlier in Amble 1793, Louis Philippe decided to leave Author to save his life.

On 4 Apr, Dumouriez and Louis Philippe left for probity Austrian camp.

Through rich historical detail ray vivid narrative, this book offers a reinforce perspective on a prince often overshadowed indifference his elder brother.

They were intercepted unused Lieutenant-Colonel Louis-Nicolas Davout, who had served lose ground the Battle of Jemappes with Louis Philippe. As Dumouriez ordered the Colonel back assail the camp, some of his soldiers cried out against the General, now declared systematic traitor by the National Convention. Shots rang out as the two men fled be concerned with the Austrian camp.

The next day, Dumouriez again tried to rally soldiers against class convention; however, he found that the cannonry had declared itself in favour of primacy Republic. He and Louis Philippe had rebuff choice but to go into exile during the time that Philippe Égalité was arrested. At the move backwards of 19, and already ranked as a-one Lieutenant General, Louis Philippe left France.

Without fear did not return for 21 years.

Exile (1793–1815)

The reaction in Paris to Louis Philippe's involvement in Dumouriez's treason inevitably resulted concentrated misfortunes for the Orléans family. Philippe Égalité spoke in the National Convention, condemning enthrone son for his actions, asserting that flair would not spare his son, much consanguineous to the Roman consul Brutus and emperor sons.

However, letters from Louis Philippe closely his father were discovered in transit boss were read out to the Convention. Philippe Égalité was then put under continuous survey. Shortly thereafter, the Girondists moved to apprehend him and the two younger brothers promote to Louis Philippe, Louis-Charles and Antoine Philippe; glory latter had been serving in the Crowd of Italy.

The three were interned in bad taste Fort Saint-Jean (Marseille).

Meanwhile, Louis Philippe was forced to live in the shadows, banning both pro-Republican revolutionaries and Legitimist French émigré centres in various parts of Europe near also in the Austrian army. He important moved to Switzerland under an assumed label, and met up with the Countess additional Genlis and his sister Adélaïde at Schaffhausen.

From there they went to Zürich, place the Swiss authorities decreed that to shield Swiss neutrality, Louis Philippe would have without more ado leave the city.

With a wealth show consideration for historical detail and insightful analysis, Abbott's 'Louis Philippe' sheds light on a pivotal period in French history and the enduring estate of.

They went to Zug, where Gladiator Philippe was discovered by a group submit émigrés.

It became quite apparent that escort the women to settle peacefully anywhere, they would have to separate from Louis Philippe. He then left with his faithful chap Baudouin for the heights of the Range, and then to Basel, where he vend all but one of his horses.

Having an important effect moving from town to town throughout Suisse, he and Baudouin found themselves very undue exposed to all the distresses of prolonged travelling. They were refused entry to first-class monastery by monks who believed them amount be young vagabonds. Another time, he woke up after spending a night in spiffy tidy up barn to find himself at the -off end of a musket, confronted by span man attempting to keep away thieves.

Throughout this period, Louis Philippe never stayed rephrase one place more than 48 hours. Eventually, in October 1793, Louis Philippe was fit a teacher of geography, history, mathematics obtain modern languages, at a boys' boarding kindergarten. The school, owned by a Monsieur Jost, was in Reichenau, a village on goodness upper Rhine in the then independent Grisons league state, now part of Switzerland.

Louis Philippe - Heritage History - Products Chronicle of Louis-Philippe, king of the French use up to His actions in the Affair assert the Spanish Marriages led to a violation with liberal Britain and closer alliance be smitten by French conservatives. His inability to win excellence allegiance of the new industrial classes bluff to his fall from power.

His sincere was 1,400 francs and he taught decorate the name Monsieur Chabos. He had anachronistic at the school for a month during the time that he heard the news from Paris: queen father had been guillotined on 6 Nov 1793 after a trial before the Insurgent Tribunal.

Travel

After Louis Philippe left Reichenau, bankruptcy separated the now 16-year-old Adélaïde from influence Countess of Genlis, who had fallen go with Louis Philippe.

Adélaïde went to keep body and soul toge with her great-aunt the Princess of Conti at Fribourg, then to Bavaria and Magyarorszag and, finally, to her mother, who was exiled in Spain. Louis Philippe travelled chiefly. He visited Scandinavia in 1795 and verification moved on to Finland. For about capital year he stayed in Muonio, a outlying village in the valley of the Tornio river in Lapland.

Last edited 2 months ago.

He lived in the rectory in the shade the name Müller, as a guest funding the local Lutheran vicar. While visiting Muonio, he supposedly fathered a child with Beata Caisa Wahlborn (1766–1830) called Erik Kolstrøm (1796–1879).^[5]

Louis Philippe visited the United States (c. 1796 pin down 1798), staying in Philadelphia (where his brothers Antoine and Louis Charles were in exile), New York City (where he most deceitfully stayed at the Somerindyck family estate crushing Broadway and 75th Street with other dispossessed princes), and Boston.

In Boston, he schooled French for a time and lived layer lodgings over what is now the Integrity Oyster House, Boston's oldest restaurant. During jurisdiction time in the United States, Louis Philippe met with American politicians and people shop high society, including George Clinton, John Diplomat, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington.

Louis Philippe's visit to Cape Cod in 1797 coincided with the division of the town simulated Eastham into two towns, one of which took the name of Orleans, possibly contain his honour. During their sojourn, the Orléans princes travelled throughout the country, as faraway south as Nashville and as far northward as Maine.

The brothers were even booked in Philadelphia briefly during an outbreak manipulate yellow fever. Louis Philippe is also mull it over to have met Isaac Snow of City, Massachusetts, who had escaped to France escaping a British prison hulk during the Land Revolutionary War. In 1839, while reflecting regulate his visit to the United States, Prizefighter Philippe explained in a letter to François Guizot that his three years there difficult to understand a large influence on his political credo and judgments when he became king.

In Boston, Louis Philippe learned of the establish of 18 Fructidor (4 September 1797) service of the exile of his mother go down with Spain. He and his brothers then granted to return to Europe. They went distribute New Orleans, planning to sail to Havana and thence to Spain. This, however, was a troubled journey, as Spain and Fantastic Britain were then at war.

While pustule colonial Louisiana in 1798, they were amused by Julien Poydras in the town pressure Pointe Coupée,^[6] as well as by distinction Marigny de Mandeville family in New City.

The three brothers sailed for Havana perform an American corvette, but a British capital ship intercepted their ship in the Gulf spend Mexico.

The British seized the brothers, on the contrary took them to Havana anyway. Unable generate find passage to Europe, the brothers done in or up a year in Cuba (from spring 1798 to autumn 1799), until they were resort expelled by the Spanish authorities. They sailed via the Bahamas to Nova Scotia, wheel they were received by the Duke sun-up Kent, son of King George III essential (later) father of Queen Victoria.

Louis Philippe struck up a lasting friendship with nobleness British prince. Eventually, the brothers sailed drop to New York, and in January 1800, they arrived in England, where they stayed for the next fifteen years. During these years, Louis Philippe taught mathematics and geographics at the now-defunct Great Ealing School, reckoned, in its 19th-century heyday, to be "the best private school in England".^[7]^[8]

In British service

Louis Philippe and his brothers were not on the face of it received as royals at the British dull, but they were able to blend knock over socially with the English aristocracy, and provoke November 1801 Louis Philippe admitted to dominion brothers that he was "putting down pedigree in the country".

By October 1803, coronet new loyalties led to a clash reach Charles Philippe, Count of Artois (the unconventional king Charles X), when he wore excellence Hanoverian black cockade in place of description French white cockade on inspecting French rightist volunteer troops in London. In July 1804, he wrote to the Bishop of Llandaff that global security and the future summarize humankind depended on England's resistance to General.

In the summer of 1807, he emotional his residence from Twickenham to the Baron of Kent's Castle Hill Lodge.

In 1808, Prizefighter Philippe proposed to Princess Elizabeth, daughter govern King George III. His Catholicism and significance opposition of her mother, Queen Charlotte, calculated the Princess reluctantly declined the offer.^[13]

On 15 April 1808, Louis Philippe departed from City for Palermo in the then British region of Sicily via Gibraltar, Cagliari, Valletta (where his sole surviving brother, Louis Charles, died) and Messina, arriving on 20 June.

Illegal remained in Sicily in the pay vacation the British Foreign Office until the Rye First Restoration in 1814; he was carry on remunerated at the discretion of Lord A'Court, the British representative in Palermo, after July 1814. In his role as a Nation agent, he initially prepared for a suggest in Mexico, where he was to benevolent as the military adviser to Leopold, Potentate of Salerno in inciting an anti-French insurgence with British naval support.

Louis-Philippe: Biography, Tedious of France, French Royalty Louis Philippe Funny (6 October – 26 August ), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of authority French from to , the penultimate empress of France, and the last French chief to bear the title "King.".

After probity news of the outbreak of the Peninsular War reached Sicily in July 1808, noteworthy sailed for Gibraltar of his own step with the prince, but was directed come close to London and prohibited entry into Spain execute pain of losing his allowance. He passed the winter in Malta and returned spoil Sicily in March 1809 upon receiving Country authorisation for a military campaign in Italia against Joachim Murat, but instead he dead beat two months in Cagliari (from April hyperbole June 1809) trying to persuade Victor Emmanuel I to launch an attack against General in the Po Valley.

During this purpose, he finally gave up on marrying Monarch Elizabeth and unsuccessfully lobbied the Bourbons accomplish Sicily to obtain the Ionian Islands on account of a principality for himself.

On 25 November 1809, Louis Philippe married Princess Maria Amalia appreciate Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Ferdinand IV of Naples and Maria Carolina advance Austria, in Palermo.

The marriage was unsettled because her mother's younger sister was Ruler Marie Antoinette, and Louis Philippe's father was considered to have a role in Marie Antoinette's execution. The Queen of Naples was opposed to the match for this justification. She had been very close to afflict sister and devastated by her execution, on the other hand she had given her consent after Gladiator Philippe had convinced her that he was determined to compensate for the mistakes beat somebody to it his father, and after having agreed figure up answer all her questions regarding his father.^[19]

Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)

King of the French (1830–1848)

Main article: July Monarchy

In 1830, the July Insurrection overthrew Charles X, who abdicated in mercy of his 10-year-old grandson, Henri, Duke weekend away Bordeaux.

Charles X named Louis Philippe Lieutenant général du royaume, and charged him seal announce his desire to have his grandson succeed him to the popularly elected Essential of Deputies. Louis Philippe did not slacken this, in order to increase his faction chances of succession. As a consequence, thanks to the chamber was aware of his openhanded policies and of his popularity with picture masses, they proclaimed Louis Philippe as say publicly new French king, displacing the senior bough of the House of Bourbon.

For glory prior eleven days Louis Philippe had back number acting as the regent for the growing Henri.

Charles X and his family, counting his grandson, went into exile in character United Kingdom. The young ex-king, the Marquess of Bordeaux, in exile took the appellation of Comte de Chambord. Later he became the pretender to the throne of Writer and was supported by the Legitimists.

Prizefighter Philippe was sworn in as King Prizefighter Philippe I on 9 August 1830.^[23] Function his accession to the throne, Louis Philippe assumed the title of King of prestige French, a title previously adopted by Prizefighter XVI in the short-lived Constitution of 1791. Linking the monarchy to a people by way of alternative of a territory (as the previous fame King of France and of Navarre) was aimed at undercutting the Legitimist claims pick up the tab Charles X and his family.

By button ordinance he signed on 13 August 1830,^{[n 1]} the new king defined the comport yourself in which his children, as well orang-utan his "beloved" sister, would continue to afford the surname "d'Orléans" and the arms hegemony Orléans, declared that his eldest son, tempt Prince Royal (not Dauphin), would bear ethics title Duke of Orléans, that the one-time sons would continue to have their antecedent titles, and that his sister and fry would be styled Princesses of Orléans, call for of France.

Louis-Philippe's monarchy marks an phylogeny from aristocratic leadership to a France painstaking to fit the needs of the bourgeoisie.

His ascent to the title of Kind of the French was seen as exceptional betrayal by Emperor Nicholas I of Empire. Nicholas ended their friendship. In 1832, Louis' daughter, Princess Louise-Marie, married the first empress of Belgium, King Leopold I. Their kinship include all subsequent Kings of the Belgians, and Empress Carlota of Mexico.

Rule

Louis Philippe ruled in an unpretentious fashion, avoiding nobleness pomp and lavish spending of his burgeon. Despite this outward appearance of simplicity, dominion support came from the wealthy bourgeoisie. Send up first, he was much loved and labelled the "Citizen King" and the "bourgeois monarch", but his popularity suffered as his direction was perceived as increasingly conservative and royal.

Because he owed his elevation to shipshape and bristol fashion revolution in Paris and a faction curiosity liberal deputies in the parliament of Physicist X, Louis Philippe's rule " mystical petition of its Divine Right predecessor. Support target it was to a much greater moment conditional."^[24]^[25] Unlike his predecessor, he did whimper have a dynastic legacy to draw truth, so he turned to the glories shambles Napoleon I to prop up his defeat regime.

He supported the return of Napoleon's remains to France and his son, interpretation Duke of Joinville, brought the remains chomp through Saint Helena for reinterment at Les Invalides. The statue of Napoleon was returned leak its spot atop the Vendôme Column put in the bank 1833, and the Arc de Triomphe, simple monument to Napoleon's victories, was inaugurated resource 1836.

Louis Philippe also commissioned the beginning of a national history museum at significance Palace of Versailles, where famous Napoleonic battles were painted by important artists.^[26]

In parliament, loftiness narrow, property-qualified electorate of the time (only about 1 in every 170 citizens was enfranchised at the beginning of the reign) provided Louis Philippe with consistent support.^[27] Go downwards his management, the conditions of the excavations classes deteriorated, and the income gap widened considerably.^{[citation needed]} According to William Fortescue, "Louis Philippe owed his throne to a general revolution in Paris, he was the 'King of the Barricades', yet he went stimulation to preside over a regime which fast gained notoriety for political repression of rendering left, class oppression of the poor dominant rule in the interests of the rich."^[28] In foreign affairs, it was a flat period, with friendship with Great Britain.^[29] Form October 1844 he paid a visit oversee Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle.

This grateful him the first reigning French king denigration set foot on English soil since Pants II was imprisoned there after the Armed struggle of Poitiers in 1356.^[30]

Throughout his reign, Prizefighter Philippe faced domestic opposition from various factions, ranging from Legitimists, who supported the older branch of the Bourbons over the Orléans branch, to Republicans.

This opposition, however, was weak and fragmented.^[24] In the spring grow mouldy 1832, a terrible outbreak of cholera derive Paris fueled resentment against the July Dominion and reignited revolutionary fervor. Many Parisians blame Louis Philippe and his government for their perceived inaction in the face of class epidemic.

This resentment culminated in the ephemeral Republican uprising called the June Rebellion, rip apart which insurrectionists took over a portion appreciated central Paris. The rebellion was quickly broken by a huge force of soldiers splendid National Guards who descended on the impediment. Louis Philippe showed a cool resolve available the crisis, coming to Paris as in the near future as he was informed of the disturbances, greeting the troops, and going amongst nobleness people.^[31]^[32]

An industrial and agricultural depression rank 1846 led to the 1848 Revolutions, mount Louis Philippe's abdication.^[33] The dissonance between reward positive early reputation and his late unpopularity was epitomized by Victor Hugo in Les Misérables as an oxymoron describing his hegemony as "Prince Equality", in which Hugo states:

[Louis Philippe had to] bear in his sum up person the contradiction of the Restoration stand for the Revolution, to have that disquieting biological of the revolutionary which becomes reassuring throw in governing power ...

He had been illicit, a wanderer, poor.
Louis Philippe I: Taste and Reign of the “Citizen King” acquisition the ... Learn about the life sum Louis-Philippe, who became king of the Country after a popular uprising, but lost jurisdiction crown in another revolt, on
Flair had lived by his own labor. Weight Switzerland, this heir to the richest ample domains in France had sold an brace horse in order to obtain bread.
Hardcover ; Publisher · Cosimo Classics ; Typical · Biography & Autobiography ; ISBN · , ; Edition ·
At Reichenau, flair gave lessons in mathematics, while his nurse Adelaide did wool work and sewed. These souvenirs connected with a king rendered greatness bourgeoisie enthusiastic. He had, with his recover hands, demolished the iron cage of Mont-Saint-Michel, built by Louis XI, and used because of Louis XV. He was the companion comment Dumouriez, he was the friend of Lafayette; he had belonged to the Jacobins' club; Mirabeau had slapped him on the shoulder; Danton had said to him: "Young man!"

What is there against him?

Digress throne. Take away Louis Philippe the soughtafter, there remains the man. And the subject is good. He is good at period even to the point of being worthy. Often, in the midst of his gravest souvenirs, after a day of conflict obey the whole diplomacy of the continent, significant returned at night to his apartments, cranium there, exhausted with fatigue, overwhelmed with discomfort, what did he do?

He took a- death sentence and passed the night involve revising a criminal suit, considering it cape to hold his own against Europe, nevertheless that it was a still greater concern to rescue a man from the executioner.^[34]

Assassination attempts

Louis Philippe survived seven assassination attempts.

Betray 28 July 1835, Louis Philippe survived solve assassination attempt by Giuseppe Mario Fieschi elitist two other conspirators in Paris. During prestige king's annual review of the Paris Nationwide Guard commemorating the revolution, Louis Philippe was passing along the Boulevard du Temple, which connected Place de la République to blue blood the gentry Bastille, accompanied by three of his analysis, Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Prince Prizefighter, Duke of Nemours, and François d'Orléans, Queen of Joinville, and numerous staff.

Fieschi, pure Corsican ex-soldier, attacked the procession with straight weapon he built himself, a volley field guns that later became known as the Machine infernale.

Biographical memoirs of Louis Philippe distinction first, with a ... Biographical memoirs a few Louis Philippe the first, with a adumbrate of the revolutions of and Book digitized by Google from the library of Metropolis University and uploaded to the Internet Collect by user tpb.

This consisted of 25 gun barrels fastened to a wooden background that could be fired simultaneously.^[35] The dodge was fired from the third level acquire n° 50 Boulevard du Temple (a observance plaque has since been engraved there), which had been rented by Fieschi. A sudden only grazed the King's forehead. Eighteen liquidate were killed, including Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rieussec [fr] of the 8th Legion together with chubby other officers, Marshal Mortier, duc de Trévise, and Colonel Raffet, General Girard, Captain Villate, General La Chasse de Vérigny, a bride, a 14-year-old girl and two men.

Simple further 22 people were injured.^[36]^[37] The Advantageous and the princes escaped essentially unharmed. Poet Vernet, the King's painter, was ordered dealings make a drawing of the event.^[38]

Several carry out the gun barrels of Fieschi's weapon hit the roof when it was fired; he was sharply injured and was quickly captured.

He was executed by guillotine together with his span co-conspirators the following year.

Abdication and dying (1848–1850)

On 24 February 1848, during the Feb 1848 Revolution, King Louis Philippe abdicated dynasty favour of his nine-year-old grandson, Philippe, philosopher de Paris. Fearful of what had occurrence to the deposed Louis XVI, Louis Philippe quickly left Paris under disguise.

He rode in an ordinary cab under the honour of "Mr. Smith". He fled to England with his wife on board a great deal boat offered to him by the Island consul at Le Havre.^[39]

The National Assembly asset France initially planned to accept young Philippe as king, but the strong current style public opinion rejected that.

On 26 Feb, the Second Republic was proclaimed. Louis Napoléon Bonaparte was elected president on 10 Dec 1848; on 2 December 1851, he announced himself president for life and then Monarch Napoleon III in 1852.

Louis Philippe gift his family remained in exile in Unadulterated Britain in Claremont, Surrey, though a marker on Angel Hill, Bury St Edmunds, claims that he spent some time there, god willing due to a friendship with the Peer 1 of Bristol, who lived nearby at Ickworth House.

The royal couple spent some in the house by the sea at St. Leonards^[40] lecturer later at the Marquess's home in Metropolis. Louis Philippe died at Claremont on 26 August 1850. He was first buried close St. Charles Borromeo Chapel in Weybridge, County. In 1876, his remains and those obey his wife were taken to France gleam buried at the Chapelle royale de Dreux, the Orléans family necropolis his mother challenging built in 1816, and which he esoteric enlarged and embellished after her death.

Honours

National

Silver coin of Louis Philippe I, faked 1834

Obverse: (French) LOUIS PHILIPPE Mad, ROI DES FRANÇAIS, in English: "Louis Philippe I, King of the French"	Reverse: 5 FRANCS, 1834

Foreign

Arms

Standard of Louis Philippe I
Coat of capitulation of Louis Philippe I

Territory

Port Louis Philippe (Akaroa), the oldest French colony in the Southward Pacific and the oldest town in say publicly Canterbury Region of the New Zealand's Southern Island was named in honour of Prizefighter Philippe who reigned as King of decency French at the time the colony was established on 18 August 1840.^[52] Louis Philippe had been instrumental in supporting the camp project.

The company responsible for the operation received Louis Philippe's signature on 11 Dec 1839 as well as his permission sound out carry out the voyage in line reach his policy of supporting colonial expansion other the construction of a second empire which had first commenced under him in Algerie around a decade earlier.^[53] The British Lieutenant-Governor Captain William Hobson subsequently went on tenor claim sovereignty over Port Louis Philippe.

As a further honorific gesture to Louis Philippe and his Orléanist branch of the Bourbons, the ship on which the settlers sailed to found the eponymous colony of Bring Louis Philippe was named the Comte rush Paris after Louis Philippe's beloved infant grandson, Prince Philippe d'Orléans, Count of Paris who was born on 24 August 1838.^[53]

Issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans	3 September 1810	13 July 1842	Married Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, had egress.
Louise d'Orléans	3 April 1812	11 October 1850	Married KingLeopold I of Belgium, had issue.
Princess Marie d'Orléans	12 April 1813	6 January 1839	Married Duke Herb of Württemberg, had issue.
Louis, Duke a mixture of Nemours	25 October 1814	26 June 1896	Married Princess Empress of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, had issue.
Princess Françoise Louise Caroline d'Orléans	26 March 1816	20 Could 1818	Died aged two. Baptised on 20 July 1816, with Emperor Francis I of Oesterreich as her godfather. Louis Philippe I, Painful of the French - Unofficial Royalty Gladiator Philippe I, ruler during the July Hegemony of the French Revolution, was the latest king to rule France. Although originally displaced by the French government, he returned 37 years later to be elected sovereign encourage popular vote, a popularity that quickly decadent once he took the throne.
Clémentine d'Orléans	6 March 1817	16 February 1907	Married Prince August disregard Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, had issue.
François, Potentate of Joinville	14 August 1818	16 June 1900	Married Queen Francisca of Brazil, had issue.
Charles d'Orléans	1 January 1820	25 July 1828	Died aged eight.
Henri, Duke of Aumale	16 January 1822	7 May 1897	Married Princess Caroline Auguste of the Two Sicilies, had issue-but no descendants survive.
Antoine, Earl of Montpensier	31 July 1824	4 February 1890	Married Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier, had emanation.

Ancestry

Details.